Isolation of a highly pure archeocyte fraction from the fresh-water spongeEphydatia fluviatilis

Sutter, Danielle De; Buscema, Marco

doi:10.1007/bf00848784

Cited by 23 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…De Sutter and Buscema (1977), Van de Vyver (1977, 1979b), Van de Vyver and Buscema (1981) and Buscema et al (1980) have followed the formation and development of reaggregates derived from Ficoll gradient-purified archeocytes and almost pure choanocytes ( Fig. 9-22).…”

Section: Histogenesis Of Reaggregatesmentioning

confidence: 97%

The Cell Biology of Sponges

Simpson

1984

695

604

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PrefaceThe writing of this work was stimulated by discussions with colleagues in the fields of biochemistry, developmental biology, and physiology who expressed their, and other's, need for a current, critical review and analysis of sponge cell biology, and secondly by my own conviction that the field of sponge biology in general could benefit from such a synthesis and evaluation of the data. The major problem faced in writing this book was that of balancing the text relative to presenting, on the one hand, a review of the data and, on the other hand, a synthesis of it. A vigorous attempt has been made to be as uniform as possible in reviewing data but this, of course, is not always possible because some papers stand out as key advances in one or more areas. To the extent that it has been feasible to synthesize specific perspectives or to emphasize deficiencies in knowledge, these have been done. A major effort is made to review cellular structure per se since this has not previously been attempted. Some speculations are also to be found and these, hopefully, will not only stimulate new investigations but will also serve as respites from the unavoidable rigidity of data review. Much effort has been expended to avoid errors, although it is probably not possible in an undertaking of this scope to finally arrive at an error-free state. For such of those that do occur by omission or otherwise, I take full and sole responsibility.There are a number of important, recent monographs and symposial volumes which contain much information on sponge cell biology as well as other topics. Outstanding among them is Biologie des Spongiaires (C. Levi and N. Boury-Esnault, Eds., 1979. Editions de CNRS, Paris).

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Section: Histogenesis Of Reaggregatesmentioning

confidence: 97%

The Cell Biology of Sponges

Simpson

1984

695

604

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“…Fluorescence-activated flow cytometry (Unson and Faulkner 1993) is a valuable technique for separating sponge from symbiont cells but requires specialised equipment. Density gradient centrifugation, with Ficoll or Percoll as the support medium, has frequently been used to fractionate sponge cell types (De Sutter and Buscema 1977;De Sutter and Van de Vyvver 1977;De Sutter and Tulp 1981;Thompson et al 1984;Bergquist and Glasgow 1986;Müller et al 1986;Garson et al 1992Garson et al , 1994Uriz et al 1996a,b), but not yet to separate fully sponge cells from symbionts (Zimmermann et al 1989;Faulkner et al 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Cellular origin of chlorinated diketopiperazines in the dictyoceratid sponge Dysidea herbacea (Keller)

Flowers

Garson

Webb

et al. 1998

Cell and Tissue Research

103

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The tropical marine sponge Dysidea herbacea (Keller) contains the filamentous unicellular cyanobacterium Oscillatoria spongeliae (Schulze) Hauck as an endosymbiont, plus numerous bacteria, both intracellular and extracellular. Archaeocytes and choanocytes are the major sponge cell types present. Density gradient centrifugation of glutaraldehyde-fixed cells with Percoll as the support medium has been used to separate the cyanobacterial symbiont from the sponge cells on the basis of their differing densities. The protocol also has the advantage of separating broken from intact cells of O. spongeliae. The lighter cell preparations contain archaeocytes and choanocytes together with damaged cyanobacterial cells, whereas heavier cell preparations contain intact cyanobacterial cells, with less than 1% contamination by sponge cells. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis has revealed that the terpene spirodysin is concentrated in preparations containing archaeocytes and choanocytes, whereas nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of the symbiont cell preparations has shown that they usually contain the chlorinated diketopiperazines, dihydrodysamide C and didechlorodihydrodysamide C, which are the characteristic metabolites of the sponge/symbiont association. However, one symbiont preparation, partitioned by a second Percoll gradient, has been found to be devoid of chlorinated diketopiperazines. The capability to synthesize secondary metabolites may depend on the physiological state of the symbiont; alternatively, there may be two closely related cyanobacterial strains within the sponge tissue.

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“…It is well known that sponges have remarkable reconstitutive and regenerative abilities (Wilson 1907; reviewed in Simpson 1984). Archeocytes, thought to be stem cells in sponges, are essential for the reconstitution of dissociated sponge cells (De Sutter & Buscema 1977; De Sutter & Van De Vyver 1977). After dissociation, some populations of the dissociated cells die, and some are phagocytosed by archeocytes, while others migrate and adhere to each other to form cell aggregates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The stem cell system in demosponges: Insights into the origin of somatic stem cells

Funayama¹

2010

Dev Growth Differ

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The stem cell system is one of the unique systems that have evolved only in multicellular organisms. Major questions about this system include what type(s) of stem cells are involved (pluri-, multi-or uni-potent stem cells), and how the self-renewal and differentiation of stem cells are regulated. To understand the origin of the stem cell system in metazoans and to get insights into the ancestral stem cell itself, it is important to discover the molecular and cellular mechanisms of the stem cell system in sponges (Porifera), the evolutionarily oldest extant metazoans. Histological studies here provided a body of evidence that archeocytes are the stem cells in sponges, and recent molecular studies of sponges, especially the finding of the expression of Piwi homologues in archeocytes and choanocytes in a freshwater sponge, Ephydatia fluviatilis, have provided critical insights into the stem cell system in demosponges. Here I introduce archeocytes and discuss (i) modes of archeocyte differentiation, (ii) our current model of the stem cell system in sponges composed of both archeocytes and choanocytes based on our molecular analysis and previous microscopic studies suggesting the maintenance of pluripotency in choanocytes, (iii) the inference that the Piwi and piRNA function in maintaining stem cells (which also give rise to gametes) may have already been achieved in the ancestral metazoan, and (iv) possible hypotheses about how the migrating stem cells arose in the urmetazoan (protometazoan) and about the evolutionary origin of germline cells in the urbilaterian (protobilaterian).

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Isolation of a highly pure archeocyte fraction from the fresh-water spongeEphydatia fluviatilis

Abstract: A pure archeocyte fraction was isolated from the fresh-water spongeEphydatia fluviatilis by density gradient centrifugation of dissociated cell suspensions. The nature and purity of the fraction were confirmed by electron microscopy.

Cited by 23 publications

References 8 publications

The Cell Biology of Sponges

The Cell Biology of Sponges

Cellular origin of chlorinated diketopiperazines in the dictyoceratid sponge Dysidea herbacea (Keller)

The stem cell system in demosponges: Insights into the origin of somatic stem cells

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