“…Naturally, a wide range of microorganisms carry a rich and sophisticated enzymatic arsenal, including cellulase, hemicellulase, ligninase, and auxiliary enzymes, which could completely degrade waste biomass into fermentable sugars ( Guo H. et al, 2022 ; Guo X. et al, 2022 ). These hydrolytic enzymes have been extensively studied ( Guo et al, 2023 ), such as cellulase in Bacillus tequilensis (ON754229) ( Malik and Javed, 2024 ), hydrolase in cellulolytic nitrogen-fixing bacteria ( Harindintwali et al, 2022 ), and β-glucosidase and xylanase in Trichoderma asperellum LYS1 ( Mou et al, 2023 ). Newly identified hydrolases with excellent enzymatic properties could be obtained from nature, but the process is time-consuming and labor-intensive.…”