ISOLATION OF ALDOSTERONE FROM INCUBATES OF ADRENALS OF THE AMERICAN BULLFROG AND STIMULATION OF ITS PRODUCTION BY MAMMALIAN ADRENOCORTICOTROPIN<sup>1,2</sup>

Carstensen, Helena; Burgers, A. C. J.; Li, Choh Hao

doi:10.1021/ja01524a075

Cited by 31 publications

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“…Teterahydroaldosterone 1 was located for elution by radioactive scanning and by its migration at 0.85 the rate of cortisol. The eluate was dissolved in methylene chloride, washed 1 The chromatographic mobilities of frog tetrahydroaldosterone differed slightly from those of the major-metabolite in human urine, the 3a-hydroxy-5,8 isomer (10). with water, dried and evaporated, and acetylated with acetic anhydride-"C (0.8 mc/mmole) :toluene (1: 4) in pyridine at 60'C for 18 hr and excess reagents removed by partition (11).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolism and rate of secretion of aldosterone in the bullfrog

Ulick¹,

Feinholtz²

1968

J. Clin. Invest.

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A study of the metabolism of aldosterone in the bullfrog was undertaken to provide a measurable metabolite for the indirect isotope dilution technique for measuring secretory rates. The rate of excretion of labeled aldosterone was considerably slower in the frog than in man and made necessary the collection of excretory products for 5 days to insure reasonably complete recovery of metabolites. The major identifiable metabolite was a tetrahydro derivative subsequently identified as 3,f-hydroxy-5,8-tetrahydroaldosterone. This metabolite was excreted partly in the free form and partly as a glucuronic acid conjugate. The pH 1-hydrolyzable conjugate of aldosterone was not detected.For the measurement of secretory rates, aldosterone-3H was injected into the dorsal lymph space and the animal placed in a bath to provide an environment of constant electrolyte composition and intake and a means of collecting excretory products. Urine and bath fluid were collected for 5 days, tetrahydroaldosterone was isolated, and its specific activity determined for the calculation of the aldosterone secretory rate. The rate of secretion of aldosterone in the bullfrog was increased by a tap water bath and by bovine adrenocorticotropic hormone, decreased by a saline bath and by dexamethasone, and unchanged by valine-5-angiotensin amide.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolism and rate of secretion of aldosterone in the bullfrog

Ulick¹,

Feinholtz²

1968

J. Clin. Invest.

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“…Carstensen et al (1959Carstensen et al ( , 1961 reported a fourfold greater increase in aldosterone than in corticosterone pro¬ duction after stimulation by mammalian ACTH or by a saline pituitary extract in the bullfrog adrenal in vitro ; Kraulis & Birmingham (1964) reported similar results in R. pipiens. The corticosteroidogenic effect of ACTH on the amphibian adrenal has also been demonstrated in vivo (Johnston et al 1966(Johnston et al , 1967Ulick & Feinholtz, 1968).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…Corticosterone and aldosterone are the major corticosteroids secreted by the adrenal glands of many species of amphibians, reptiles and birds, including the American bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana (Carstensen et al 1959(Carstensen et al , 1961Ulick & Solomon, 1960 ;Ulick & Kusch, 1960 ;Nicolis & Ulick, 1965 ;Macchi & Phillips, 1966 ;Psychoyos et al 1966;Johnston et al 1967;Ulick & Feinholtz, 1968), the leopard frog, R. pipiens (Kraulis & Birmingham, 1964), the edible frog, R. rugulosa (Chan et al 1969), the marine toad, Bufo marinus (Crabbé, 1963(Crabbé, , 1966, the turtles, Pseudemys cripta elegans, Chrysemys pietà pietà (Sandor, Lamoureux & Lanthier, 1965;Macchi & Phillips, 1966) and Emys orbicularis (Macchi & Phillips, 1966), the snakes, Natrix natrix (Phillips, Chester Jones & Bellamy, 1962) and Naja naja (Huang et al 1969) the chicken, Gallus domesticus (de Roos & de Roos, 1963Hall & Koritz, 1966) the gull, Larus argentatus (Macchi & Brown, 1964) and the duck Anas platyrhynchos (Sandor & Lanthier, 1963;Macchi & Brown, 1964;Whitehouse & Vinson, 1967). The present study shows that the major corticosteroids produced by the adrenal of Xenopus in vitro are aldosterone, 18-hydroxycorticosterone, corticosterone and 11-deoxycorticosterone.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Anuran adrenocortical tissue has been shown to produce aldosterone, 18-hydroxycorticosterone, corticosterone and 11-deoxycorticosterone. Species investigated include Rana catesbeiana (Carstensen, Burgers & Li, 1959, 1961Ulick & Solomon, 1960;Ulick & Kusch, 1960;Nicolis & Ulick, 1965;Psychoyos, Tallan & Greengard, 1966;Macchi & Phillips, 1966;Ulick & Feinholtz, 1968), Bufo marinus (Crabbé, 1963(Crabbé, , 1966, Rana pipiens (Kraulis & Birmingham, 1964) and Rana rugulosa (Chan, Vinson & Phillips, 1969). Stimulation by mammalian corticotrophin (ACTH) of the production of corticosterone and aldosterone has been shown in R. catesbeiana both in vitro (Carstensen et al 1959(Carstensen et al ,1961Macchi & Phillips, 1966) and in vivo (Johnston, Davis, Brown, Wright & Howard, 1966; Johnston, Davis, Wright & Howard, 1967).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Kinetic Studies on the Biosynthesis of Corticosteroids in Vitro From Exogenous Precursors by the Interrenal Glands of the Normal, Corticotrophin-Treated and Adenohypophysectomized Xenopus Laevis Daudin

Chan¹,

Edwards²

1970

Journal of Endocrinology

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SUMMARY Incubation of the adrenocortical tissue of Xenopus with labelled steroidal precursors gave aldosterone, corticosterone, 11-deoxycorticosterone and 18-hydroxycorticosterone as the major products. Kinetic studies indicated that the major biosynthetic pathway in Xenopus is the same as that in the duck, cobra and frog, and follows the sequence: pregnenolone → progesterone → 11-deoxycorticosterone → corticosterone → aldosterone + 18-hydroxycorticosterone. The effects of adenohypophysectomy and of injection of mammalian corticotrophin (ACTH) on the corticosteroidogenetic capacity of Xenopus were also studied. The production of both aldosterone and corticosterone increased after ACTH administration and decreased markedly after adenohypophysectomy. Some of the evidence suggests that ACTH was effective at biosynthetic stages following the formation of pregnenolone. The present studies on corticosteroid production were done in conjunction with parallel investigations on osmoregulation and electrolyte and water changes in Xenopus (Edwards, 1969).

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“…The bullfrog adrenal can elaborate aldosterone and corticosterone (Ulick and Solomon, 1960;Carstensen et al, 1959) but there is no proof that deoxycorticosterone also is synthesized at this site. Since the observed hepatic hydroxylations utilize a common substrate and presumably are effected by enzymatic approach both from the front or top side of the molecule (giving compounds IV and VI) as well as from its back or bottom side (forming compounds 11, 111, and V), two or more site-activating enzymes must be present in the tissue or are elaborated inductively in the course of the incubation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydroxylation of Deoxycorticosterone at the 6β, 11α, 15α, 15β, and 16α Positions by Surviving Liver Slices of the Bullfrog^*

Schneider¹

1965

Biochemistry

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6p-, 1 la-, 15a-, 15p-, and 16a-Hydroxyby infrared spectroscopy and further characterized deoxycorticosterone were isolated following the aerobic by paper chromatographic methods. The results were incubation of deoxycorticosterone with surviving liver compared with those hydroxylations observed where slices of the bullfrog. These metabolites were identified mammalian tissues were employed.I n an earlier comparative study of the 7a-hydroxylation of deoxycorticosterone (compound I) by surviving liver slices of various species (Schneider, 1962), it was noted that, while this reaction occurred only in rodent tissue, certain nonrodent tissue introduced hydroxyl groups into several positions other than C-7. The paper chromatographic pattern obtained in the case of the bullfrog (Ranu catesbieuna) was particularly complex and, since this species is readily available, several largescale incubations were carried out with the object of recovering the metabolites in pure form. These were identified as 6p-, lla-, 15a-, 15p-, and 16a-hydroxydeoxycorticosterone. It is the purpose of this paper to detail their isolation and identification. MethodsThe incubation, extraction, and paper chromatographic procedures followed those described earlier (Schneider, 1962). The reference steroids were supplied by Dr. Robert Neher. Extinction coefficients were obtained in methanol solution using a Zeiss PMQ I1 spectrophotometer. The infrared spectra of both the reference and isolated steroids were determined as KBr pellets by the use of a Beckman IR-9 instrument for the former and a Perkin-Elmer Model 21 instrument for the latter. The use of two different instruments did not lead to difficulties in comparing the spectra. The bullfrogs used in these incubations were obtained from commercial sources in Wisconsin and New Jersey. ResultsIn the representative experiment here described, 500 mg of free compound I was incubated (3 hours at 38",

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ISOLATION OF ALDOSTERONE FROM INCUBATES OF ADRENALS OF THE AMERICAN BULLFROG AND STIMULATION OF ITS PRODUCTION BY MAMMALIAN ADRENOCORTICOTROPIN^1,2

Cited by 31 publications

References 0 publications

Metabolism and rate of secretion of aldosterone in the bullfrog

Metabolism and rate of secretion of aldosterone in the bullfrog

Kinetic Studies on the Biosynthesis of Corticosteroids in Vitro From Exogenous Precursors by the Interrenal Glands of the Normal, Corticotrophin-Treated and Adenohypophysectomized Xenopus Laevis Daudin

Hydroxylation of Deoxycorticosterone at the 6β, 11α, 15α, 15β, and 16α Positions by Surviving Liver Slices of the Bullfrog^*

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ISOLATION OF ALDOSTERONE FROM INCUBATES OF ADRENALS OF THE AMERICAN BULLFROG AND STIMULATION OF ITS PRODUCTION BY MAMMALIAN ADRENOCORTICOTROPIN1,2

Cited by 31 publications

References 0 publications

Metabolism and rate of secretion of aldosterone in the bullfrog

Metabolism and rate of secretion of aldosterone in the bullfrog

Kinetic Studies on the Biosynthesis of Corticosteroids in Vitro From Exogenous Precursors by the Interrenal Glands of the Normal, Corticotrophin-Treated and Adenohypophysectomized Xenopus Laevis Daudin

Hydroxylation of Deoxycorticosterone at the 6β, 11α, 15α, 15β, and 16α Positions by Surviving Liver Slices of the Bullfrog*

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Product

Resources

About

ISOLATION OF ALDOSTERONE FROM INCUBATES OF ADRENALS OF THE AMERICAN BULLFROG AND STIMULATION OF ITS PRODUCTION BY MAMMALIAN ADRENOCORTICOTROPIN^1,2

Hydroxylation of Deoxycorticosterone at the 6β, 11α, 15α, 15β, and 16α Positions by Surviving Liver Slices of the Bullfrog^*