Isolation of algal spore lytic C17 fatty acid from the crustose coralline seaweed Lithophyllum yessoense

Abstract

The algal spore lytic fatty acid of 8,3) was isolated from the crustose coralline seaweed Lithophyllum yessoense. HpDTE, an odd-numbered carbon fatty acid, showed more than 50% lysis at a concentration of 5 μg.mL −1 against the spores of three chlorophyte species, nine rhodophytes, four phaeophytes, and the cells of four phytoplankton species. Lysis activity increased with the number of double bonds and carbon atoms in the fatty acid increased. HpDTE showed a ten-fold stronger activity with a LC 50 of 3.1 μg.mL −1 than α-linolenic acid (C18:3).

Viability, Fatty acid composition, and structure of the coralline alga Corallina pilulifera

“…In this work, the species was identifi ed as the C. pilulifera using tier numbers, even without reproductive structures and characteristics, but with complementary support of 18S rDNA, psbA, and rbcL gene sequences. Among the factors preventing the settlement or germination of fl eshy seaweed spores, we found that PUFAs have potent lytic activity against algal spores (Luyen et al, 2009). When preparing biomimetic coralline alga material, the antifouling activity could be enhanced by adding bioactive PUFAs.…”

“…The fatty acids from healthy Corallina pilulifera tissue, 31.4% were ω-3 eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; C20:5) and 14% were the other PUFAs. In a previous study, EPA showed strong lytic activity against algal spore with LC 50 = 2.1 μg ml -1 (Luyen et al, 2009). Therefore, the preparation of biomimetic calcium carbonate nanoparticles with EPA is suggested to have potent antifouling activity as an environmentally friendly biocontrol.…”

“…Although, biological (Kitamura et al, 1993;Agatsuma et al, 1997) and physical (Masaki et al, 1984;Johnson and Mann, 1986) factors may be suffi cient to prevent the recruitment of fl eshy seaweeds, allelopathic bromoform (Ohsawa et al, 2001) and fatty acid JI-YOUNG KANG ET AL. (Kim et al, 2004;Luyen et al, 2009) substances may also inhibit the settlement or germination of seaweed spores. Consequently, coralline algae may also prevent fouling by fl eshy seaweeds.…”

“…Seasonal changes in articulated coralline algae can also cause confusion, even in their identifi cation (Baba et al, 1988;Akioka et al, 1999). Some polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) from crustose coralline have shown potent lytic activity against fl eshy seaweed spores (Luyen et al, 2009). Therefore, in an attempt to make a biomimetic coralline alga material, we fi rst had to identify the species that is used as a potential template, select the best conditioned tissues as standard material, analyze the fatty acid composition, and observe the fi ne surface structure.…”

The phaeophyte Hizikia fusiformis extracts suppress rhizoid and blade formation in seaweeds

“…This focus has shifted attention to alternative seaweed control technologies, such as antifouling or algicidal agent development based on selective natural products. For example, the coralline alga Lithophyllum yessoense produces an algal spore lytic C17 fatty acid (Luyen et al 2009), and the red seaweed Ceramium rubrum has anti-germination activity in Sargassum muticum, Enteromorpha intestinalis, and Ulva lactuca (Hellio et al 2002). The brown seaweed Dictyota dichotoma inhibits the growth of the harmful algal blooming dinoflagellate Ostreopsis cf.…”