Isolation of antimicrobial peptides from different plant sources: Does a general extraction method exist?

Abstract

Plants are good sources of biologically active compounds with antimicrobial activity, including polypeptides. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) represent one of the main barriers of plant innate immunity to environmental stress factors and are attracting much research interest. There are some extraction methods for isolation of AMPs from plant organs based on the type of extractant and initial fractionation stages. But most methods are directed to obtain some specific structural types of AMPs and do not allow to understand the molecular diversity of AMP inside a whole plant. In this mini-review, we suggest an optimized scheme of AMP isolation from plants followed by obtaining a set of peptides belonging to various structural families. This approach can be performed for large-scale screening of plants to identify some novel or homologous AMPs for fundamental and applied studies.

Citrus Fruits as Source of Novel Bioactive Peptides: in-vitro and in-silico Analysis of Atheroprotective Potentials

“…Previous reports of citrus peptide isolation mostly relied on phytochemical setups using organic solvent fractionations that acquired peptides as byproducts rather than targeted isolates [26], [28]. While no optimized protocols for antioxidant or anti-inflammatory peptide isolation from plant samples have been established, generalized procedures for separation of primarily antimicrobial peptides were adapted and modified for this study [22], [23] Protein quantification done by two parallel methods (Bradford and NanoDrop) yielded similar trends in higher purity steps; however, lower purity samples were deemed incompatible with NanoDrop quantitation. Hence, Bradford assay results were taken as the primary standard for quantitation.…”

Plant Antimicrobial Peptides (PAMPs): Features, Applications, Production, Expression, and Challenges

“…Barashkova and Rogozhin [98] described the isolation and extraction of PAMPs under three major headlines: Plant material homogenization, extraction, and saturation and purification of the extract. The fractionation of the resulting extracts is carried out using liquid chromatographic techniques.…”

dbAMP 2.0: updated resource for antimicrobial peptides with an enhanced scanning method for genomic and proteomic data

“…Moreover, certain AMPs [e.g. segments from most plants ( 41 ) or histidine-rich human histatin ( 42 )] are nested on their parent proteins. These AMPs are consequently extracted and isolated on demand ( 43 ).…”