Isolation of Avipoxvirus from Tongue of Canaries (<i>Serinus canaria</i>) Show Severe Localized Proliferative Glossitis

Catania, Salvatore; Carnaccini, Silvia; Mainenti, Marta; Moronato, Maria Luisa; Gobbo, Federica; Terregino, Calogero

doi:10.1637/11713-071417-case.1

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…It is, however, easier to monitor (and simpler to detect) the infection in captive than in wild populations. Mortality rates among captive birds may reach very high levels, and in many cases their death it is due to the systemic form of the disease, for example in canaries [28,[85][86][87].…”

Section: Outbreaks In Captive Wild Birdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on the Prevalence of Poxvirus Disease in Free-Living and Captive Wild Birds

Williams

Truchado

Benı́tez

2021

Microbiology Research

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Avian pox is a widespread infection in birds caused by genus Avipoxvirus pathogens. It is a noteworthy, potentially lethal disease to wild and domestic hosts. It can produce two different conditions: cutaneous pox, and diphtheritic pox. Here, we carry out an exhaustive review of all cases of avian pox reported from wild birds to analyze the effect and distribution in different avian species. Avian poxvirus strains have been detected in at least 374 wild bird species, a 60% increase on a 1999 review on avian pox hosts. We also analyze epizootic cases and if this disease contributes to wild bird population declines. We frequently observe very high prevalence in wild birds in remote island groups, e.g., Hawaii, Galapagos, etc., representing a major risk for the conservation of their unique endemic avifauna. However, the difference in prevalence between islands and continents is not significant given the few available studies. Morbidity and mortality can also be very high in captive birds, due to high population densities. However, despite the importance of the disease, the current detection rate of new Avipoxvirus strains suggests that diversity is incomplete for this group, and more research is needed to clarify its real extent, particularly in wild birds.

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Section: Outbreaks In Captive Wild Birdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on the Prevalence of Poxvirus Disease in Free-Living and Captive Wild Birds

Williams

Truchado

Benı́tez

2021

Microbiology Research

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“…In natural outbreaks of FP in chicken, the primary lesions (scabs or dry pox) are usually seen in the injured unfeathered areas of the skin around the head and mouth such as comb, wattle, ear lobes, and eyes [5,10,12]. These primary lesions may spread to other areas of the skin forming the secondary lesions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These primary lesions may spread to other areas of the skin forming the secondary lesions. Infection of susceptible chickens with more virulent field viruses often results in the development of diphtheritic lesions (wet pox) in the mucous membrane of the oral cavity and the upper respiratory tract, especially the larynx and trachea [5,10,12]. Wet pox induces higher mortality in infected flocks resulting in significant economic loss, drop in egg production in layers, and reduced growth rate in the broilers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Field safety and efficacy of a unique live virus vaccine for controlling avian encephalomyelitis and fowlpox in poultry

Sarma¹,

Kersting²,

Spina³

2019

Vet World

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Background and Aim: Infection of commercial poultry with avian encephalomyelitis (AE) and fowlpox (FP) virus causes heavy economic loss in endemic areas. Although vaccines are routinely used to control these two diseases, the problem still persists almost all over the world. This study aimed to evaluate safety and efficacy of a unique AE + FP + pigeon pox (PP) live virus vaccine in layer-type chickens under both laboratory and field conditions. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted using 289 specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chickens under the laboratory conditions and 185,648 commercial layer-type chickens under field conditions. In two consecutive laboratory trials, 8-week-old SPF chickens were vaccinated with the AE + FP + PP live virus vaccine through wing web route and challenged against virulent strains of FP and AE viruses at 3-week post-vaccination (WPV). Challenged chickens were observed for disease protection for 10-21 days. For field safety trials, commercial layer-type chickens in three different geographical areas in the USA were vaccinated with the AE + FP + PP vaccine and observed daily up to 21 days for vaccine "take". adverse reactions, and mortality. Results: The vaccine was found safe and efficacious under both laboratory and field conditions. Vaccine "take" and protection against FP challenge were 100%. Average protection against AE challenge was 97%. Mean AE enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) antibody titer in the field vaccinated chickens was >1200 at 10 WPV. Average daily post-vaccination mortality in the field vaccinated chickens was 0.04%. So far, more than 400 million chickens in the USA have been vaccinated with this vaccine. No vaccine-associated adverse reactions, other safety issues, or immunity breakdown cases in the vaccinated flocks due to field virus infection have been reported. Conclusion: This unique vaccine containing AE, FP, and PP viruses in a single preparation was found to be safe and efficacious in controlling the diseases caused by the virulent field strains of AE and FP. Besides being safe and efficacious, this vaccine also offered distinct advantages over the traditional vaccination practices in controlling these two diseases in poultry. Keywords: avian encephalomyelitis, efficacy, field safety, fowlpox, live virus vaccine, pigeon pox, protection.

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Avian Cytodiagnosis

2022

Exotic Animal Hematology and Cytology

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Isolation of Avipoxvirus from Tongue of Canaries (Serinus canaria) Show Severe Localized Proliferative Glossitis

Abstract: Description of the disease: Fowlpox is a disease of chickens and turkeys caused by a DNA virus of the genus

Cited by 4 publications

References 27 publications

A Review on the Prevalence of Poxvirus Disease in Free-Living and Captive Wild Birds

A Review on the Prevalence of Poxvirus Disease in Free-Living and Captive Wild Birds

Field safety and efficacy of a unique live virus vaccine for controlling avian encephalomyelitis and fowlpox in poultry

Avian Cytodiagnosis

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