Isolation of bioactive compounds from medicinal plants used in traditional medicine: Rautandiol B, a potential lead compound against Plasmodium falciparum

Abstract

Background Neorautanenia mitis, Hydnora abyssinica, and Senna surattensis are medicinal plants with a variety of traditional uses. In this study, we sought to isolate the bioactive compounds responsible for some of these activities, and to uncover their other potential medicinal properties. Methods The DCM and ethanol extracts of the roots of N. mitis and H. abyssinica, and the leaves of S. surattensis were prepared and their phytochemical components were isolated and purified using chromatographic methods. These extracts and their pure phytochemical components were evaluated in in-vitro models for their inhibitory activities against Plasmodium falciparum, Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, α-amylase (AA), and α-glucosidase (AG). Results Rautandiol B had significant inhibitory activities against two strains of Plasmodium falciparum showing a high safety ratio (SR) and IC50 values of 0.40 ± 0.07 μM (SR - 108) and 0.74 ± 0.29 μM (SR - 133) against TM4/8.2 and K1CB1, respectively. While (−)-2-isopentenyl-3-hydroxy-8-9-methylenedioxypterocarpan showed the highest inhibitory activity against T. brucei rhodesiense with an IC50 value of 4.87 ± 0.49 μM (SR > 5.83). All crude extracts showed inhibitory activities against AA and AG, with three of the most active phytochemical components; rautandiol A, catechin, and dolineon, having only modest activities against AG with IC50 values of 0.28 mM, 0.36 mM and 0.66 mM, respectively. Conclusion These studies have led to the identification of lead compounds with potential for future drug development, including Rautandiol B, as a potential lead compound against Plasmodium falciparum. The relatively higher inhibitory activities of the crude extracts against AG and AA over their isolated components could be due to the synergistic effects between their phytochemical components. These crude extracts could potentially serve as alternative inhibitors of AG and AA and as therapeutics for diabetes.

In vitro evaluation of immunomodulatory, anti-diabetic, and anti-cancer molecular mechanisms of Tribulus terrestris extracts

“…The concentration of bioactive compounds in plant extract is affected by factors like drying conditions, extraction protocol, chemical nature, storage conditions, and duration. The solvent used in the extraction of plant material plays a vital role in the recovery of bioactive compounds, which affects the health benefits 19,20 . Methanol and ethanol are more commonly used solvents; their boiling points are 64 ℃ and 78.4 ℃, respectively.…”

Development of ANN Models for Prediction of Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Oil-in-Aqueous Plant Extract Emulsions Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy

“…Antioxidants, especially those derived from plants, have a well-known ability to inhibit the creation of reactive species that are dangerous to human health [2]. Oregano (Origanum vulgaris L.) and rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.), medicinal plants of the Lamiaceae family, contain bioactive substances that have significant antioxidant characteristics, including free radical scavenging activity [3][4][5]. Although they possess notable effects on human health, their application is limited.…”

“…Chemometric approaches use mathematical and statistical tools to analyze the obtained data and extract as much information as possible. The following methods such as Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA), Factorial Discriminant Analysis (FDA), Principal Component Regression (PCR), Common Components and Specific Weights Analysis (CCSWA), Partial Least Squares (PLS), and Artificial Neural Networks Method (ANNs) are frequently employed in the analysis of spectral data [5,19,25]. ANNs are effective tools for machine learning and data mining.…”

“…ANNs are effective tools for machine learning and data mining. Building non-linear models is how Artificial Neural Network (ANN) models aim to solve pattern recognition problems [5,20,26]. However, the fundamental drawback of employing ANNs is their stochastic character and computational complexity (ANN training results depend on the initial parameters) [27].…”

ACUTE ORAL TOXICITY STUDY OF ROOT METHANOL EXTRACT OF Goniothalamus lanceolatus Miq. AND ITS ISOLATED BIOACTIVE COMPOUND (PARVISTONE D) IN MURINE MODEL

“…Medicinal plants have been widely embraced as an alternative to allopathic medicines in many countries for the treatment of various diseases (Nfozon et al, 2019;Gouws et al, 2020). Functional bioactive compounds of plant origin have been the source of innumerable therapeutic agents in drug discovery (Yuan et al, 2016;Mustafa et al, 2017;Dawurung et al, 2021). However, some medicinal plants are inherently toxic by their active constituents and can cause adverse reactions if inappropriately used extracts were reported to possess in vivo antimalarial properties and in vitro antiproliferative activities against several tumor cell lines (Zohdi et al, 2017;Razali et al, 2021).…”