Isolation of Bluetongue Virus 24 from India - An Exotic Serotype to Australasia

Krishnajyothi, Y.; Maan, Sushila; Kandimalla, Kavitha; Maan, Narender S.; Tutika, R. B.; Reddy, Y. V. Pridhvidhar; Kumar, Aman; Mrunalini, N.; Reddy, Gopal; Putty, Kalyani; Ahmed, Selim; Reddy, Y. N.; Hemadri, D.; Mertens, Peter P. C.; Hegde, Nagendra R.; Rao, P P

doi:10.1111/tbed.12512

Cited by 20 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…, ; Krishnajyothi et al . ). This will remove the potential shortcomings that can result from a primary reliance on serological BTV characterization of epitopes present on the gene product of Seg‐2 alone.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Thus within the context of the total gene constellation currently present in the Northern Australian BTV episystem, co-segregation of Seg-2, -5 and -7 may be necessary for the preservation of essential outer core structural interdependence between their respective expression products, at least for BTV-5 and BTV-7. Speculation on how rapid BTV gene segment translocations between Western and Eastern episystems might occur has included trade in live animals, semen and embryos (Mintiens et al 2008;Rao et al 2012a;Krishnajyothi et al 2016), live vaccine use and importation of vaccinated animals (Maan et al 2015). Sequential vector species expansion events due to extraordinary climatic conditions and long distance wind dispersals, causing overlap with and allowing novel BTV gene incursions into neighbouring episystems, are also thought to play a major role (Hendrickx 2009;Eagles et al 2012Eagles et al , 2013Eagles et al , 2014Purse et al 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Molecular approaches applied to BTV diagnosis are now sufficiently rapid and substantially more informative in providing a more thorough identification of BTV field isolates (Rao et al 2013;Maan et al 2015Maan et al , 2016Krishnajyothi et al 2016). This will remove the potential shortcomings that can result from a primary reliance on serological BTV characterization of epitopes present on the gene product of Seg-2 alone.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identification and genomic characterization of the first isolate of bluetongue virus serotype 5 detected in Australia

White

Wang

Chen

et al. 2019

Veterinary Medicine & Sci

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Bluetongue virus ( BTV ), transmitted by midges (Culicoides sp), is distributed worldwide and causes disease in ruminants. In particular, BT can be a debilitating disease in sheep causing serious trade and socio‐economic consequences at both local and global levels. Across Australia, a sentinel cattle herd surveillance program monitors the BTV activity. Prior to 2014, BTV ‐1, ‐2, ‐3, ‐7, ‐9, ‐15, ‐16, ‐20, ‐21 and ‐23 had been isolated in Australia, but no bluetongue disease has occurred in a commercial Australian flock. We routinely use a combination of serology, virus isolation, RT ‐ PCR and next generation and conventional nucleotide sequencing technologies to detect and phylogenetically characterize incursions of novel BTV strains into Australia. Screening of Northern Territory virus isolates in 2015 revealed BTV ‐5, a serotype new to Australia. We derived the complete genome of this isolate and determined its phylogenetic relationship with exotic BTV ‐5 isolates. Gene segments 2, 6, 7 and 10 exhibited a close relationship with the South African prototype isolate RSA rrrr/5. This was the first Australian isolation of a Western topotype of segment 10. Serological surveillance data highlighted the antigenic cross‐reactivity between BTV ‐5 and BTV ‐9. Phylogenetic investigation of segments 2 and 6 of these serotypes confirmed their unconventional relationships within the BTV serogroup. Our results further highlighted a need for a revision of the current serologically based system for BTV strain differentiation and importantly, implied a potential for genome segments of pathogenic Western BTV strains to rapidly enter Southeast Asia. This emphasized a need for continued high‐level surveillance of vectors and viruses at strategic locations in the north of Australia The expansion of routine characterization and classification of BTV to a whole genome approach is recommended, to better monitor the presence and level of establishment of novel Western topotype segments within the Australian episystem.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identification and genomic characterization of the first isolate of bluetongue virus serotype 5 detected in Australia

White

Wang

Chen

et al. 2019

Veterinary Medicine & Sci

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“…Blood samples from sheep showing BT‐like symptoms were collected from several outbreaks from different parts of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana states in South India, and virus isolation was accomplished by passaging the RBC lysates in KC cells followed by BHK‐21 cells. All the isolates ( n = 108) were tested by RT–PCR with primers against eight serotypes of BTV (BTV‐1, BTV‐2, BTV‐9, BTV‐12, BTV‐16, BTV‐21, BTV‐23, BTV‐24) circulating in India during the last decade (Krishnajyothi et al., ; Reddy et al., ). Sequence generated from one of the previously untyped virus isolates using next‐generation sequencing platform revealed that the isolate was related to BTV‐4 (Acc.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and evolutionary analysis of Australasian topotype of bluetongue virus serotype 4 from India

Reddy

Susmitha

Patil

et al. 2017

Transbound Emerg Dis

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Bluetongue (BT) is a Culicoides-borne disease caused by several serotypes of bluetongue virus (BTV). Similar to other insect-borne viral diseases, distribution of BT is limited to distribution of Culicoides species competent to transmit BTV. In the tropics, vector activity is almost year long, and hence, the disease is endemic, with the circulation of several serotypes of BTV, whereas in temperate areas, seasonal incursions of a limited number of serotypes of BTV from neighbouring tropical areas are observed. Although BTV is endemic in all the three major tropical regions (parts of Africa, America and Asia) of the world, the distribution of serotypes is not alike. Apart from serological diversity, geography-based diversity of BTV genome has been observed, and this is the basis for proposal of topotypes. However, evolution of these topotypes is not well understood. In this study, we report the isolation and characterization of several BTV-4 isolates from India. These isolates are distinct from BTV-4 isolates from other geographical regions. Analysis of available BTV seg-2 sequences indicated that the Australasian BTV-4 diverged from African viruses around 3,500 years ago, whereas the American viruses diverged relatively recently (1,684 CE). Unlike Australasia and America, BTV-4 strains of the Mediterranean area evolved through several independent incursions. We speculate that independent evolution of BTV in different geographical areas over long periods of time might have led to the diversity observed in the current virus population.

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“…In the Indian context, emergence of nephropathogenic avian infectious bronchitis virus (Bayry et al, 2005), porcine circovirus2 (Karuppannan et al, 2016), re-emerging BTV serotypes (Hemadri et al, 2016;Krishnajyothi et al, 2016;Rao et al, 2016), avian influenza (Bhat et al, 2017;Nagarajan et al, 2017) and new variants of foot and mouth disease virus (Mahapatra et al, 2016;Rudreshappa et al, 2012;Yuvaraj et al, 2013), and porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus (PRRSV) (Rajkhowa et al, 2015) are some examples where NGS would have helped.…”

Section: Diagnosis Of Infectious Diseases and Monitoring Of Outbreaksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Next-Generation Sequencing as Diagnostic Tool in Veterinary Research

Kumar¹

2019

JAR

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The field of genomics has been revolutionized by next generation sequencing. NGS technology is likely to play an important role in the field of veterinary medicine and animal husbandry. The feasibility of sequencing genomes at a much faster rate and with greater precision has been made possible with the advent of newer methods. In the current review, we describe the various sequencing methods available and also discuss select areas of biology where application of next generation sequencing would open a whole new avenue in veterinary research.

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Isolation of Bluetongue Virus 24 from India - An Exotic Serotype to Australasia

Cited by 20 publications

References 20 publications

Identification and genomic characterization of the first isolate of bluetongue virus serotype 5 detected in Australia

Identification and genomic characterization of the first isolate of bluetongue virus serotype 5 detected in Australia

Isolation and evolutionary analysis of Australasian topotype of bluetongue virus serotype 4 from India

Next-Generation Sequencing as Diagnostic Tool in Veterinary Research

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