Isolation of bovine ephemeral fever virus in Nigeria

Ge, Kemp; Mann, ED; Tomori, Oyewale; Fabiyi, A; O’Connor, Erin E.

doi:10.1136/vr.93.4.107

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Although several serologically related viruses have been isolated from cattle and insects in Africa and Australia (3,4), BEFV occurs as a single cross-neutralizing serotype worldwide (5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10). The neutralizing immune response is induced by the envelope glycoprotein (G), which protects against experimental challenge in cattle (11).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of Bovine Ephemeral Fever Virus in the Australian Episystem

Trinidad

Blasdell

Joubert

et al. 2014

J Virol

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Bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV) is an arthropod-borne rhabdovirus that causes a debilitating disease of cattle in Africa, Asia, and Australia; however, its global geodynamics are poorly understood. An evolutionary analysis of G gene (envelope glycoprotein) ectodomain sequences of 97 BEFV isolates collected from Australia during 1956 to 2012 revealed that all have a single common ancestor and are phylogenetically distinct from BEFV sampled in other geographical regions. The age of the Australian clade is estimated to be between 56 and 65 years, suggesting that BEFV has entered the continent on few occasions since it was first reported in 1936 and that the 1955-1956 epizootic was the source of all currently circulating viruses. Notably, the Australian clade has evolved as a single genetic lineage across the continent and at a high evolutionary rate of ϳ10 ؊3 nucleotide substitutions/site/year. Screening of 66 isolates using monoclonal antibodies indicated that neutralizing antigenic sites G1, G2, and G4 have been relatively stable, although variations in site G3a/b defined four antigenic subtypes. A shift in an epitope at site G3a, which occurred in the mid-1970s, was strongly associated with a K218R substitution. Similarly, a shift at site G3b was associated primarily with substitutions at residues 215, 220, and 223, which map to the tip of the spike on the prefusion form of the G protein. Finally, we propose that positive selection on residue 215 was due to cross-reacting neutralizing antibody to Kimberley virus (KIMV). IMPORTANCEThis is the first study of the evolution of BEFV in Australia, showing that the virus has entered the continent only once during the past 50 to 60 years, it is evolving at a relatively constant rate as a single genetic lineage, and although the virus is relatively stable antigenically, mutations have resulted in four antigenic subtypes. Furthermore, the study shows that the evolution of BEFV in Australia appears to be driven, at least in part, by cross-reactive antibodies to KIMV which has a similar distribution and ecology but has not been associated with disease. As BEFV and KIMV are each known to be present in Africa and Asia, this interaction may occur on a broader geographic scale.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of Bovine Ephemeral Fever Virus in the Australian Episystem

Trinidad

Blasdell

Joubert

et al. 2014

J Virol

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“… [ 22 ] Rift Valley fever virus 1930 (Kenya) 1959 Sheep [ 45 ] West Nile fever virus 1937 (Uganda) 1959 Animals [ 68 ] 1973 Humans [ 69 ] African horse sickness 1900 (South Africa) 1971 Horse [ 107 ] Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus 1944–1945 (Crimea) 1970 Cattle, goats, hedgehogs, ticks [ 133 ] African swine fever virus 1910 (Kenya) 2001 Pigs [ 144 ] Kotonkan 1967 (Nigeria) 1967 Culicoides spp. [ 150 ] Bovine ephemeral fever virus 1907 (Rhodesia) 1973 Cattle [ 159 ] Wesselsbron virus 1955 (South Africa) 1968 Camel [ 162 ] Schmallenberg virus 2011 (Germany) 2015 Cattle [ 9 ] Akabane virus 1959 (Japan) 2016 Cattle, sheep [ 10 ] …”

Section: Endemic Arboviruses Of Livestock In Nigeriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Endemic and emerging arboviral diseases of livestock in Nigeria: a review

2018

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Arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) are the largest biologic group of vertebrate viruses and constitute important emerging infectious disease agents globally. Arthropod transmission provides a way for viruses to cross species barriers since the same arthropod may bite animals that rarely or never come into close contact in nature. In Nigeria, arboviruses have, over several decades, caused severe diseases in livestock resulting in great economic losses and, sometimes, infection of humans leading to morbidity and mortality. In the present review, a computerized search of existing literature was conducted using the Google search engine and PubMed electronic database to identify and review relevant publications on arboviral diseases of livestock in Nigeria. The keywords used were ‘arbovirus’, ‘arthropod-borne viral diseases’ or ‘livestock diseases’ and ‘Nigeria’ while the Boolean operator ‘OR’ was used to combine and narrow the searches. Additional information was obtained by searching the veterinary libraries for journals not listed in the database. The available publications were thereafter reviewed and findings qualitatively described. Our findings revealed that although there were several studies on arboviruses and the livestock diseases they cause in Nigeria, most of such reports were made four to six decades ago, with only a few reported recently. Consequently, the true economic and public health impact of these diseases are likely to be underestimated, mainly due to under-reporting or lack of awareness of them. Thus, it is essential to update information on arboviral diseases in Nigeria in order to increase awareness of the diseases and facilitate their prompt identification and reporting. The importance of routine surveillance for arbovirus livestock diseases and sentinel herd monitoring as basis for development of an early warning and alert system to prevent future outbreaks is discussed.

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“…Antibodies to BEFV have also been reported in camels from Somalia [ 47 ]. BEFV has been isolated from cattle and biting midges in Kenya and from cattle in Nigeria [ 26 , 29 ]. In Nigeria, the disease has been known to herdsmen for many years, occurring regularly at the beginning of the wet season [ 26 ].…”

Section: History Distribution and Epizootiology Of Befmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology and control of bovine ephemeral fever

Walker

Klement

2015

Vet Res

106

127

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Bovine ephemeral fever (or 3-day sickness) is an acute febrile illness of cattle and water buffaloes. Caused by an arthropod-borne rhabdovirus, bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV), the disease occurs seasonally over a vast expanse of the globe encompassing much of Africa, the Middle East, Asia and Australia. Although mortality rates are typically low, infection prevalence and morbidity rates during outbreaks are often very high, causing serious economic impacts through loss of milk production, poor cattle condition at sale and loss of traction power at harvest. There are also significant impacts on trade to regions in which the disease does not occur, including the Americas and most of Europe. In recent years, unusually severe outbreaks of bovine ephemeral fever have been reported from several regions in Asia and the Middle East, with mortality rates through disease or culling in excess of 10–20%. There are also concerns that, like other vector-borne diseases of livestock, the geographic distribution of bovine ephemeral fever could expand into regions that have historically been free of the disease. Here, we review current knowledge of the virus, including its molecular and antigenic structure, and the epidemiology of the disease across its entire geographic range. We also discuss the effectiveness of vaccination and other strategies to prevent or control infection.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13567-015-0262-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Isolation of bovine ephemeral fever virus in Nigeria

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

Evolution of Bovine Ephemeral Fever Virus in the Australian Episystem

Evolution of Bovine Ephemeral Fever Virus in the Australian Episystem

Endemic and emerging arboviral diseases of livestock in Nigeria: a review

Epidemiology and control of bovine ephemeral fever

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