Isolation of Chlamydia psittaci from the respiratory tract and conjunctivae of thoroughbred horses

Mh, Burrell; Ws, Chalmers; Dr, Kewley

doi:10.1136/vr.119.12.302

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Inapparent chlamydial infection in horses has been documented, as well as the possibility of transmission to herd mates (Burell et al, 1986;Mair and Wills, 1992). According to DNA sequencing data, C. psittaci seems to be the most common Chlamydophila species in the present cases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…Chlamydiosis of horses has been reported to manifest itself as pneumonia (McChesney et al, 1982;Popovici and Hiastru, 1968), rhinitis (Moorthy and Spradbrow, 1978;Wills et al, 1990), conjunctivitis (Pienaar and Schutte, 1975;Moorthy and Spradbrow, 1978), polyarthritis (Blanco Loizeiler et al, 1976;Pienaar and Schutte, 1975;McChesney et al, 1974) and hepatoencephalic syndrome (Blanco Loizeiler, 1968). Inapparent chlamydial infection also appears to be common in horses (Burell et al, 1986;Mair and Wills, 1992). Experimental inoculation of chlamydiae isolated from a¡ected horses induced only subclinical infection (Mair and Wills, 1992;McChesney et al, 1982).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

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High prevalence of chlamydial (Chlamydophila psittaci) infection in fetal membranes of aborted equine fetuses

Szeredi¹,

Hotzel

Sachse

2005

Vet Res Commun

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Seventy-seven cases of equine abortion from 49 Hungarian farms that occurred between 1998 and 2000 were investigated for the presence of chlamydiae by immunohistochemistry, PCR and/or MZN staining. Evidence of the presence of these bacteria was obtained in 64 cases (83.1%) from 41 (83.7%) different farms. Partial ompA gene sequencing of PCR products revealed that the agent was Chlamydophila psittaci. Based on the findings of microbial diagnosis, pathology and case history, chlamydial infection was considered to be the most likely cause of abortion in at least 11 (14.3%) cases. In the remaining 53 Chlamydophila-positive cases, either other bacterial and viral agents (n = 22 or 28.6%) as well as non-infectious factors (n = 14 or 18.2%) were identified as more probable primary causes of disease, or the role of chlamydiae remained unclear because lesions in fetuses and fetal membranes were absent (n = 17 or 22.1%). When chlamydial antigen was detected in aborted equine placental tissue using immunohistochemistry it was seen only in the chorionic epithelial cells, but not in other parts of the fetal membranes nor in any of the fetal tissues. In conclusion, chlamydial infection of the genital tract should be considered a possible factor in equine reproductive disorders.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

High prevalence of chlamydial (Chlamydophila psittaci) infection in fetal membranes of aborted equine fetuses

Szeredi¹,

Hotzel

Sachse

2005

Vet Res Commun

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“…Chlamydia psittaci is an obligate intracellular microorganism that has been associated with a variety of clinical syndromes in the horse, including pneumonia, polyarthritis, hepatitis, keratoconjunctivitis, rhinitis and abortion. The organism can be cultured from the nasal cavity of approximately 5% of mature horses, but there is no clear association between a positive isolation and the presence of disease (Burrell et al 1986a;Mair and Wills 1992). Its role as a primary pathogen or opportunist invader is uncertain.…”

Section: Chlamydia Psittacimentioning

confidence: 99%

Update on infectious respiratory diseases of the horse

Mair

1996

Equine Veterinary Education

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“…Für die Einzeltierdiagnostik hinsichtlich akuter Infektionen ist der MAT hilfreich, als dass ein vierfacher Anstieg des Antikörpertiters zweier im Abstand von 8-14 Tagen entnommener Serumproben für das Vorliegen einer Infektion spricht (OIE 2004). Bei chronischen Infektionen ist der MAT diagnostisch eher begrenzt insbesondere bei der Diagnostik von Aborten oder dem Nachweis von renalen oder genitalen Carriertieren (Ellis et al 1982 (Burrell et al 1986, Wittenbrink 1999. Klinisch inapparente Chlamydien-Infektionen scheinen in Pferden häufig aufzutreten (Burrell et al 1986, Mair et al 1992.…”

Section: Leptospirenunclassified

“…Bei chronischen Infektionen ist der MAT diagnostisch eher begrenzt insbesondere bei der Diagnostik von Aborten oder dem Nachweis von renalen oder genitalen Carriertieren (Ellis et al 1982 (Burrell et al 1986, Wittenbrink 1999. Klinisch inapparente Chlamydien-Infektionen scheinen in Pferden häufig aufzutreten (Burrell et al 1986, Mair et al 1992. Chlamydien bedingte Genitalinfektionen äußern sich in Form von Eileiterentzündungen, reduzierter biologischer Samenbeschaffenheit, verringerter Fruchtbarkeitsrate und gelegentlich auftretenden Aborten (Bocklisch et al 1991, Lehmann et al 1997, Medenbach 1999.…”

Section: Leptospirenunclassified

Important viral, bacterial and parasitic agents of the equine reproductive tract and their diagnostic detection

Lorenz¹,

Homuth²,

Kollmann³

et al. 2006

PHK

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Important viral, bacterial and parasitic agents of the equine reproductive tract and their diagnostic detection Viral, bacterial and parasitic diseases of the equine reproduction tract are a common cause of infertility, abortions and premature births and are responsible for economic losses in horse populations. Both viral agents like equine herpesvirus type 1 and equine arteritisvirus and bacterial agents like Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus, Actinobacillus equuli, leptospira, chlamydia and Taylorella equigenitalis are important infectious agents for the breeding and export of horses. Horses to be exported must be examined for the parasites Babesis caballi, Theileria equi, the causative agent of the tick-borne protozoal disease, equine piroplasmosis, and for Trypanosoma equiperdum, the causative agent of dourine. Identification and differentiation of the pathogen and the existing condition require both intensive clinical examination and a comprehensive laboratory diagnostic analysis. Depending on the diagnostic purpose, it is possible to differentiate between indirect and direct detection of the agents. Indirect methods facilitate the detection of antibodies against infectious agents and give further information about the immune status of the horse. Depending on the testing method and the animal's vaccination status, conclusions can be drawn about the infection and the success of vaccination. Direct test methods make possible the identification and differentiation of the agent isolated in the diagnostic sample. In horses with genital infections, infertility and abortions, diagnosis of viral infections is based on isolation of the virus in cell culture or on the detection of specific DNA by polymerase chain reaction techniques. Culture and biochemical identification remain the gold standard for confirming the presence of bacterial pathogens. The polymerase chain reaction offers an alternative or supplement to culture identification and provides highly specific and sensitive results that can often be obtained more quickly than by culture. A serological response to viral, bacterial and parasitic infections can be demonstrated by serological testing of paired sera to show a rise in antibody titre.Depending on the epidemiology of the pathogen and the site of the disease, important factors for a reliable diagnosis are the diagnostic material and the time and technique of sampling.

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Isolation of Chlamydia psittaci from the respiratory tract and conjunctivae of thoroughbred horses

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

High prevalence of chlamydial (Chlamydophila psittaci) infection in fetal membranes of aborted equine fetuses

High prevalence of chlamydial (Chlamydophila psittaci) infection in fetal membranes of aborted equine fetuses

Update on infectious respiratory diseases of the horse

Important viral, bacterial and parasitic agents of the equine reproductive tract and their diagnostic detection

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