Isolation of epidemic poliovirus from sewage during the 1992–3 type 3 outbreak in the Netherlands

Avoort, H. G. A. M. Van Der; Reimerink, Johan; Ras, Albert; Mulders, Mick N.; Loon, Anton M. van

doi:10.1017/s0950268800052195

Cited by 71 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Researches suggest that Environmental Poliovirus Surveillance (ENV) should be in place during the period between interruption of wild poliovirus (WPV) transmission & certification of eradication and should be continued into the post eradication phase and OPV cessation period to monitor emergence of Vaccine Derived Poliovirus (VDPV) re-emergence of WPV or disappearance of all OPV-related strains [26]. There is also evidence that ENV along with routine AFP case based surveillance is more effective to detect introduction and circulation of Wild Poliovirus (WPV) and Vaccine Derived Poliovirus (VDPV) [27][28][29][30][31]. Environmental surveillance also has a role in new WHO strategy for intensified effort to complete poliomyelitis eradication [32] and can be useful to monitor the efficacy of immunisation initiatives when necessary [26].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polio Eradication in Bangladesh: Evaluation of AFP Surveillance Indicators, 2011-2015

Habib¹

2017

IJI

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Abstract:As per recommendation from WHO, Bangladesh began a comprehensive plan for AFP (Acute Flaccid Paralysis) and EPI (Expanded Program on Immunisation) disease surveillance from 1997. The country has been maintaining key performance indicators for AFP surveillance for the past ten years. Bangladesh has been declared polio free on 27 th March 2014. The aim of this paper is to evaluate and describe results of AFP surveillance indicators for Bangladesh showing the progress made over time as well as identifying areas, which needs further improvements to maintain the polio free status. This retrospective study has been conducted using the surveillance data routinely collected from AFP cases on demographic characteristics and clinical & laboratory examination. Data of 7480 children less than 15 years old reported between January 2011 to December 2015 have been included in this study. Among all reported cases 59.22% cases were male children with a male: female ratio of 1.45:1. 54% of the reported AFP cases within the study period belong to 1-4 years of age. Among all reported cases, 56% have been diagnosed with Guillain-Barre Syndrome or GBS. Annual Non-Polio AFP rate has been successfully achieved nationally for each study year. Completeness and Timeliness of passive reporting from facilities have been satisfactory. 98% or more of all reported AFP cases within the study period has been investigated within 48 hours of notification. For over 95% of all reported AFP cases two stool samples were collected within 14 days of case reporting. 60 plus day follow up has been performed for at least 99% reported AFP cases within the study period. All epidemiological and laboratory surveillance indicators were successfully met for AFP surveillance. However it is important for Bangladesh to maintain long-term AFP case based surveillance along with introduction of Environmental surveillance due to the risk of poliovirus importation before global polio eradication.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polio Eradication in Bangladesh: Evaluation of AFP Surveillance Indicators, 2011-2015

Habib¹

2017

IJI

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“…Danes et al (1983) stated that there was a high incidence of enteroviral infections among children aged 5-16 years, but did not provide data for the incidence to be calculated. Some patterns can be seen among cases reported by age (D'Alessio et al, 1981;Miyama et al, 1992;Oostvort et al, 1994), gender (Oostvort et al, 1994;Rodriguez et al, 1997), and proximity to the index case (Hawley et al, 1973;Oostvort et al, 1994;Van der Avoort et al, 1995). Typically, cases were younger children, men, or persons in close contact with index cases.…”

Section: Qualitative Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Polioviruses, coxsackievirus A and B, and echoviruses have been found in rivers (e.g., Payment et al, 1988;Miyama et al, 1992;Tani et al, 1995), but coxsackievirus A and B and echoviruses have also been reported in lakes (D'Alessio et al, 1981) and swimming pools (Kee et al, 1994). Sources of waterborne enteroviruses suggested in the scientific literature include sewage (Oostvort et al, 1994;Van der Avoort et al, 1995), storm sewer discharge and runoff (D'Alessio et al, 1981), human activities (Payment et al, 1988;Kee et al, 1994), and diapers and sullage (Field et al, 1968).…”

Section: Occurrencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Van der Avoort et al (1995) reported that in The Netherlands, wild poliovirus type 3 (PV3) was in river water 3 weeks before the index case of illness occurred. However, they also indicated that the initial source of the virus was probably a traveler who had been on another continent.…”

Section: Occurrencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also, several of the studies combined data for adults and children (Field et al, 1968;Kee et al, 1994;Rodriguez et al, 1997;Gosbell et al, 2000), did not report the age range of the cases (Mulders et al, 1997), or did not otherwise clarify the number of ill cases who were children (Van der Avoort et al, 1995). As a result, it is not possible to determine, in exact terms, the proportion of infections and illnesses that occurred among children.…”

Section: Extent Of Illnessesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Incorporating susceptible subpopulations in microbial risk assessment: pediatric exposures to enteroviruses in river water

Parkin

Soller²,

Olivieri³

2003

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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The City of Stockton, California operates a wastewater treatment facility that discharges treated effluent to the San Joaquin River. During a recent discharge permit renewal, the question was raised whether pathogenic microorganisms in the effluent may cause an unacceptably high health risk for body contact recreation in the vicinity of the discharge. An investigation was initiated to characterize the risk to public health via body contact recreation in the San Joaquin River under various flow and treatment scenarios. In this investigation, a disease transmission model was applied to quantitatively characterize the relative risk associated with various treatment and flow scenarios for the City of Stockton's wastewater treatment facility. An important component of the investigation was to assess the feasibility of quantitatively characterizing the risk to highly susceptible subpopulations for effluent-related exposures to enteroviruses. This paper presents the methods used to conduct the feasibility assessment, the conclusions drawn for this project, and our recommendations to improve exposure assessments of susceptible subpopulations' contact with microbial pathogens in recreational water.

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Genetic analysis of poliovirus strains isolated from sewage in Poland

Kuryk

Wieczorek

Diedrich

et al. 2013

Journal of Medical Virology

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The study describes genetic characterization of poliovirus (PV) strains isolated from sewage samples in Poland. The analyses were performed for the detection of any putative polio revertants and recombinants in three genomic regions by sequencing analysis. Thirty-six strains were analyzed. The analyzed strains were identified by neutralization assay as 7 strains of serotype P1, 10 strains of serotype P2, and 19 strains of serotype P3. Sewage isolates were sequenced in 5'UTR, VP1, and 3D genomic regions. All detected PVs were classified as vaccine strains on the basis of VP1 sequence. Mutational differences in the VP1 sequences of isolated viruses ranged from 0.0% to 0.4%, indicating a limited replication period. The genetic analysis of the 3D region showed that some strains have recombinant genomes. Nine strains were found as dipartite recombinants (seven strains--S3/S2, one strain--S2/S1, one strain--S3/S1), while one strain was found as tripartite recombinant (S3/S2/S1). No recombinants with non-PV enteroviruses were identified. None of wild-type PVs or vaccine-derived polioviruses (VDPVs) were detected. This study showed the absence of wild or VDPV circulation in the country and demonstrated the usefulness of environmental surveillance in addition to acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) surveillance in support of polio eradication initiatives.

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Isolation of epidemic poliovirus from sewage during the 1992–3 type 3 outbreak in the Netherlands

Cited by 71 publications

References 25 publications

Polio Eradication in Bangladesh: Evaluation of AFP Surveillance Indicators, 2011-2015

Polio Eradication in Bangladesh: Evaluation of AFP Surveillance Indicators, 2011-2015

Incorporating susceptible subpopulations in microbial risk assessment: pediatric exposures to enteroviruses in river water

Genetic analysis of poliovirus strains isolated from sewage in Poland

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