Isolation of Faults in Distribution Networks With Distributed Generators

Protection of AC and DC distribution systems Embedding distributed energy resources: A comparative review and analysis

“…Once the faulty zone is detected, a trip signal is sent out to the corresponding CB(s) to isolate the section. In [91], by use of the signs of the wavelet transform coefficients (WTC), the relay of each bus recognize that fault is inside the bus or not. If the fault is recognized to be external, each busbar relay exchange the direction of the fault current with the neighboring busbar relay(s) to determine the faulty feeder.…”

Effect of DG on Distribution Grid Protection

“…Recent developments in protective systems are focused on adaptive protection schemes which can distinguish grid disturbances in distribution grids including DG. The papers written on these developments are numerous and some interesting and promising results are reported in (Brahma & Girgis, 2004;Perera & Rajapakse, 2006;Perera et al, October 2008). Traditional protective systems make use of locally measured quantities and react if one of these quantities is violating a certain threshold while new adaptive protective systems rely on information obtained by specific measurement systems.…”

“…A drawback of this system is its heavy dependence on a centralized processing system and the communication links between the zones. In (Perera & Rajapakse, 2006;Perera et al, October 2008) an agent-based protective system is discussed which overcomes the drawback of the previous system. This protective system also splits up the distribution grid into zones and exchanges data for these zones via communication links.…”

A Novel Scheme to Protect Distribution Networks in Presence of Inverter-Based Distributed Generation

“…Therefore, the use of adaptive protection in such cases is impossible. Other solutions use advanced protection, such as the use of wavelet transform [3]. These methods require measurement instruments with high speed sampling and use complex mathematical algorithms.…”