Isolation of Gardnerella vaginalis in pure culture from the uterine cavity of patients with irregular bleedings

Kristiansen, Frank Vous; Møller, Birger R.; Øster, Solveig; Korsager, Birgitte; Boustouller, Y L

doi:10.1111/j.1471-0528.1987.tb02273.x

Cited by 19 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Consistent with the notion of G. vaginalis as a potential pathogen, strains identified as G. vaginalis have been isolated from placenta, amniotic fluid, and blood [32]–[34]. G. vaginalis has also been implicated in uterine infections and development of endometritis [97]. Results from a comparison of epithelial adhesion, cytotoxicity and biofilm formation between several BV associated bacteria suggested that G. vaginalis may be more virulent than other species associated with the disease [37].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Clinical Features of Bacterial Vaginosis in a Murine Model of Vaginal Infection with Gardnerella vaginalis

2013

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Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a dysbiosis of the vaginal flora characterized by a shift from a Lactobacillus-dominant environment to a polymicrobial mixture including Actinobacteria and Gram-negative bacilli. BV is a common vaginal condition in women and is associated with increased risk of sexually transmitted infection and adverse pregnancy outcomes such as preterm birth. Gardnerella vaginalis is one of the most frequently isolated bacterial species in BV. However, there has been much debate in the literature concerning the contribution of G. vaginalis to the etiology of BV, since it is also present in a significant proportion of healthy women. Here we present a new murine vaginal infection model with a clinical isolate of G. vaginalis. Our data demonstrate that this model displays key features used clinically to diagnose BV, including the presence of sialidase activity and exfoliated epithelial cells with adherent bacteria (reminiscent of clue cells). G. vaginalis was capable of ascending uterine infection, which correlated with the degree of vaginal infection and level of vaginal sialidase activity. The host response to G. vaginalis infection was characterized by robust vaginal epithelial cell exfoliation in the absence of histological inflammation. Our analyses of clinical specimens from women with BV revealed a measureable epithelial exfoliation response compared to women with normal flora, a phenotype that, to our knowledge, is measured here for the first time. The results of this study demonstrate that G. vaginalis is sufficient to cause BV phenotypes and suggest that this organism may contribute to BV etiology and associated complications. This is the first time vaginal infection by a BV associated bacterium in an animal has been shown to parallel the human disease with regard to clinical diagnostic features. Future studies with this model should facilitate investigation of important questions regarding BV etiology, pathogenesis and associated complications.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Clinical Features of Bacterial Vaginosis in a Murine Model of Vaginal Infection with Gardnerella vaginalis

2013

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“…The disease can be symptomatic or asymptomatic depending on the particular interactions among members of the vaginal populations and between them and the host. (118,133,147), intra-amniotic infections (77,149), chorioamnionitis (31,90,122,155), postabortal pelvic inflammatory disease (87), and postpartum endometritis following cesarean section (148). Large studies of postpartum endometritis in women who delivered at hospitals in Houston, Tex., and Seattle, Wash., identified G. vaginalis, often mixed with other bacteria, in endometrial cultures from 25% (136) and 38% (193,241) of infected patients.…”

Section: Transmission Of Bacteria Associated With Vaginosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Gardnerella vaginalis: characteristics, clinical considerations, and controversies

1992

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The clinical significance, Gram stain reaction, and genus affiliation of Gardnerella vaginalis have been controversial since Gardner and Dukes described the organism as the cause of "nonspecific vaginitis," a common disease of women which is now called bacterial vaginosis. The organism was named G. vaginalis when taxonomic studies showed that it was unrelated to bacteria in various genera including Haemophilus and Corynebacterium. Electron microscopy and chemical analyses have elucidated the organism's gram-variable reaction. Controversy over the etiology of bacterial vaginosis was largely resolved by (i) studies using improved media and methods for the isolation and identification of bacteria in vaginal fluids and (ii) standardization of criteria for clinical and laboratory diagnosis. Besides G. vaginalis, Mobiluncus spp., Mycoplasma hominis, and certain obligate anaerobes are now acknowledged as participants in bacterial vaginosis. The finding that G. vaginalis, Mobiluncus spp., and M. hominis inhabit the rectum indicates a potential source of autoinfection in addition to sexual transmission. Extravaginal infections with G. vaginalis are increasingly recognized, especially when the toxic anticoagulant polyanetholesulfonate is omitted from blood cultures and when urine cultures are incubated anaerobically for 48 h. The finding that mares harbor G. vaginalis suggests that an equine model can be developed for studies of Gardnerella pathogenesis.

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“…More recent studies (SEWANKAMBO et al 1997) have suggested that BV increases the risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and evidence has been presented suggesting that the microflora associated with BV could activate HIV-1 expression in a promonocytic cell line chronically infected with HIV-1 provirus (AL-HARTHI et al 1999). In addition to being associated with BV, G. vaginalis also has been isolated from or detected in urinary tract infections (SMITH et al 1992), chorioamniotic infections (GIBBS 1993, and intrauterine infections (KRISTIANSEN et al 1987). Furthermore, a recent study demonstrated that G. vaginalis cell lysates could stimulate HIV-1 gene expression in human cell cultures suggesting G. vaginalis may play a role in the increased rate of HIV transmission in BV patients .…”

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confidence: 99%

Binding of heme byGardnerella vaginalis

Jarosik

Land

2001

J. Basic Microbiol.

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It has been previously demonstrated that Gardnerella vaginalis could acquire iron from a number of different iron‐containing compounds, including heme. In this study, the direct binding of heme by G. vaginalis strains was demonstrated utilizing a liquid broth heme‐binding assay. Competition studies demonstrated that pretreatment of G. vaginalis cells with other iron sources such as hemoglobin, catalase, and lactoferrin did not affect heme binding. Also, heme binding was not inhibited by preincubation of G. vaginalis cells with protoporphyrin IX. Two potential heme‐binding proteins with estimated molecular weights of 30 and 70 kDa were isolated using heme‐agarose batch affinity chromatography.

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Isolation of Gardnerella vaginalis in pure culture from the uterine cavity of patients with irregular bleedings

Cited by 19 publications

References 13 publications

Clinical Features of Bacterial Vaginosis in a Murine Model of Vaginal Infection with Gardnerella vaginalis

Clinical Features of Bacterial Vaginosis in a Murine Model of Vaginal Infection with Gardnerella vaginalis

Gardnerella vaginalis: characteristics, clinical considerations, and controversies

Binding of heme byGardnerella vaginalis

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