Isolation of Glycopeptide-Resistant Enterococci from Chickens in Japan

Yoshimura, Haruo; Ishimaru, M.; Endoh, Y. S.; Suginaka, M.; Yamatani, S.

doi:10.1128/aac.42.12.3333

Cited by 36 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The frequency of ciprofloxacin resistance to twice breakpoint concentration was significantly higher among wastewater isolates, with frequencies consistent with those in other reports (Nys et al 2005;Martins da Costa et al 2006). The absence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in livestock and poultry feces in our study is in accordance with the fact that avoparcin was never in use in Canada (Yoshimura et al 1998), and the absence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in wastewater isolates is consistent with their rare occurrence outside hospital settings . Overall, our results show that wastewater and animal feces are not a significant reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes against category I antibiotics, at least in the region studied.…”

Section: Antibiotic Resistance Of the Enterococcus Spp Isolatessupporting

confidence: 94%

Frequency of virulence genes and antibiotic resistances inEnterococcusspp. isolates from wastewater and feces of domesticated mammals and birds, and wildlife

et al. 2010

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Enterococci are gastrointestinal tract residents and also an important cause of nosocomial infections. To understand which species, virulence determinants, and antibiotic resistances are prevalent in enterococci shed by various hosts groups, a total of 1460 strains isolated from 144 fecal samples obtained from wastewater, domesticated mammals and birds, and wildlife were characterized. Identification of isolates to the species level showed that Enterococcus faecalis was dominant in domesticated mammals and birds and wildlife feces, whereas Enterococcus faecium was dominant among wastewater isolates, and that no single Enterococcus species could be associated with a specific host group. The frequency of 12 virulence determinants was evaluated among isolates, but no single virulence determinant could be associated with a specific host group. Resistance to 12 antibiotics was evaluated among isolates, and it was shown that the highest frequency of resistance at breakpoint concentration was found in domesticated mammals and birds (P ≤ 0.05 for 4 antibiotics). Our results suggests that (1) species identification and virulence typing of Enterococcus spp. isolates are not useful for the identification of the host groups responsible for fecal contamination of water by microbial source tracking and that (2) antibiotic use for clinical, veterinary, or animal husbandry practices is promoting resistance.

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Section: Antibiotic Resistance Of the Enterococcus Spp Isolatessupporting

confidence: 94%

Frequency of virulence genes and antibiotic resistances inEnterococcusspp. isolates from wastewater and feces of domesticated mammals and birds, and wildlife

et al. 2010

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“…Later it ceased in Germany and finally in the whole of the European Union as a consequence of the Commission Directive 97/6/EC (46). Avoparcin has later been banned or phased out also in other parts of the world (37, 48, 49). Once the use of avoparcin had been discontinued, the prevalence of VRE in farm animals rapidly declined (50–52).…”

Section: Vre In Farm Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vancomycin resistant enterococci in farm animals – occurrence and importance

Nilsson

2012

Infection Ecology & Epidemiology

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The view on enterococci has over the years shifted from harmless commensals to opportunistic but important pathogens mainly causing nosocomial infections. One important part of this development is the emergence of vancomycin resistance enterococci (VRE). The term VRE includes several combinations of bacterial species and resistance genes of which the most clinically important is Enterococcus faecium with vanA type vancomycin resistance. This variant is also the most common VRE among farm animals. The reason for VRE being present among farm animals is selection by extensive use of the vancomycin analog avoparcin for growth promotion. Once the use of avoparcin was discontinued, the prevalence of VRE among farm animals decreased. However, VRE are still present among farm animals and by spread via food products they could potentially have a negative impact on public health. This review is based on the PhD thesis Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci in Swedish Broilers – Emergence, Epidemiology and Elimination and makes a short summary of VRE in humans and food producing animals. The specific situation regarding VRE in Swedish broiler production is also mentioned.

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“…MRSA has been associated with various food-producing animals (25,29) and has been detected in retail meat worldwide (5, 10). Vancomycinresistant enterococci (VRE) isolated from broilers in Japan has been characterized as VanA-type VRE (14,32). VRE have spread in broilers because of the use of avoparcin, an antimicrobial agent growth promoter in food-producing animals.…”

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confidence: 99%

Antibiotic Resistance in Bacterial Pathogens from Retail Raw Meats and Food-Producing Animals in Japan

Hiroi

Kawamori

Harada

et al. 2012

Journal of Food Protection

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To determine the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of Campylobacter, Salmonella, Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) in food-producing animals and retail raw meats in Japan, raw meat samples as well as food-producing animal feces, cutaneous swabs, and nasal swabs collected from 2004 to 2006 were analyzed. Isolation rates of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli, Salmonella, and S. aureus were 34.6% (363 of 1,050), 2.7% (28 of 1,050), and 32.8% (238 of 725), respectively. MRSA was isolated from 3% (9 of 300) of meat samples. No VRE were isolated in this study. Antibiotic resistance in C. coli was higher than that in C. jejuni. Three C. jejuni isolates from a patient with diarrhea in a hospital of Shizuoka Prefecture and two chicken samples that exhibited resistance to ciprofloxacin had identical pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns, suggesting that ciprofloxacin-resistant C. jejuni could have been distributed in meat. S. aureus isolates showed the highest level of resistance to ampicillin and tetracycline. Resistance to tetracycline in S. aureus isolates from beef was lower than that seen in isolates from chicken and pork (P < 0.01). This study revealed that the prevalence of MRSA and VRE were low in food-producing animals and retail domestic meats in Japan, although Campylobacter isolates resistant to fluoroquinolone and erythromycin were detected. The occurrence of antimicrobial-resistant pathogens should be monitored continuously to improve the management of the risks associated with antimicrobial drug resistance transferred from food-producing animals to humans.

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Isolation of Glycopeptide-Resistant Enterococci from Chickens in Japan

Cited by 36 publications

References 9 publications

Frequency of virulence genes and antibiotic resistances inEnterococcusspp. isolates from wastewater and feces of domesticated mammals and birds, and wildlife

Frequency of virulence genes and antibiotic resistances inEnterococcusspp. isolates from wastewater and feces of domesticated mammals and birds, and wildlife

Vancomycin resistant enterococci in farm animals – occurrence and importance

Antibiotic Resistance in Bacterial Pathogens from Retail Raw Meats and Food-Producing Animals in Japan

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