Isolation of <i>Chlamydia psittaci</i> from a chicken egg: Evidence of egg transmission

Wittenbrink, Max M.; Mrozek, M.; Bisping, W

doi:10.1111/j.1439-0450.1993.tb00162.x

Cited by 29 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 7 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Notwithstanding high maternal antibody titers, nested PCR and culture showed the presence of C. psittaci in day-old hens. The cultured strain was characterized as ompA genotype A. C. psittaci infections in the presence of high maternal antibody titers have been reported previously (9,12) and are thought to occur due to vertical transmission (6,17), contact with wild birds or infected rodents or failure in cleaning and disinfecting farmhouses between broods. The importance of the latter was demonstrated by the discovery of chlamydial DNA in air samples taken 1 day before starting the new brood.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of a Chlamydophila psittaci Infection Diagnostic Platform for Zoonotic Risk Assessment

et al. 2008

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Reports on zoonotic transmission of Chlamydophila psittaci originating from poultry are incidentally published. During recent studies in European turkeys we isolated C. psittaci genotypes A, B, D, E, F, and E/B, all considered potentially dangerous for humans. This encouraged us to analyze the zoonotic risk on a Belgian turkey farm, from production onset until slaughter, using a Chlamydophila psittaci diagnostic platform. Twenty individually marked hens, as well as the farmer and two scientists, were monitored medically. Bioaerosol monitoring, serology, isolation, and nested PCR demonstrated chlamydiosis on the farm leading to symptomatic psittacosis in all 3 persons involved. ompA sequencing confirmed the zoonotic transmission of C. psittaci genotype A. Strangely, two different antibody microimmunofluorescence (MIF) tests remained negative in all infected persons. The results demonstrate the value of the currently used diagnostic platform in demonstrating C. psittaci infections in both birds and humans but raise questions regarding use of the MIF test for diagnosing human psittacosis. In addition, our results suggest the underestimation of psittacosis in the poultry industry, stressing the need for a veterinary vaccine and recommendations for zoonotic risk reduction strategies.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of a Chlamydophila psittaci Infection Diagnostic Platform for Zoonotic Risk Assessment

et al. 2008

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For all farms, 1-day old broilers showed relatively high maternal antibody titres against C. psittaci in the presence of viable C. psittaci. This indicates vertical transmission, which is known to occur in chickens (Wittenbrink et al, 1993), and/or insufficient cleaning/disinfection, as C. psittaci was found in all empty barns, even before stocking. However, maternal antibodies seemed to protect against respiratory signs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interactions between respiratory pathogens have already been demonstrated for M. gallisepticum and NDV in experimentally infected chickens (reviewed by Kleven, 1998) The presence of C. psittaci in empty barns and in 1-day-old broilers remains intriguing. Vertical transmission occurs in chickens (Wittenbrink et al, 1993) and bio-aerosol monitoring during hatching revealed increasing numbers of C. psittaci (Dickx & Vanrompay, 2011). Breeders possibly had experienced a C. psittaci infection, as maternal antibodies were present.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinal monitoring for respiratory pathogens in broiler chickens reveals co-infection of Chlamydia psittaci and Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale

Boeck

Kalmar

Dumont

et al. 2015

Journal of Medical Microbiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Chlamydia psittaci is prevalent in broiler chicken production. However, the role of C. psittaci in the respiratory disease complex needs to be clarified. Our aim was to identify the time point when a C. psittaci infection appeared on a broiler farm and to examine the presence of other respiratory pathogens at that time. We focused on the 'major' respiratory pathogens occurring in Belgian broilers, namely infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), avian metapneumovirus (aMPV), Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale, Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Mycoplasma synoviae, and examined their co-occurrence with C. psittaci on three commercial broiler farms. For all farms, 1-day-old broilers showed high maternal antibody titres against C. psittaci in the presence of viable C. psittaci. Maternal antibodies seemed to protect against respiratory signs. Maternal antibodies declined and clinical outbreaks could be identified serologically even before maternal antibodies completely disappeared. Mixed infections with genotypes B/C and B/C/D were observed. Broilers with C. psittaci antibody increases showed conjunctivitis, signs of upper respiratory disease and dyspnoea. C. psittaci always preceded an O. rhinotracheale infection. Infections with aMPV, IBV or Mycoplasma spp. were not observed. Evidence was provided that C. psittaci could occur at an early age in broilers without a predisposing respiratory infection. Both C. psittaci and O. rhinotracheale should be considered when developing prevention strategies for respiratory disease in broilers

show abstract

“…Vertical or transovarial transmission of C. psittaci during formation of the egg in the ovary/oviduct of the breeder has been described for chicken (Wittenbrink et al, 1993) and turkey (Lublin et al, 1996) eggs. It leads to infection of 1-day-old birds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zoonotic transmission of Chlamydia psittaci in a chicken and turkey hatchery

Dickx

Vanrompay

2011

Journal of Medical Microbiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Chlamydia psittaci is an obligately intracellular Gram-negative bacterium causing respiratory disease (chlamydiosis) or asymptomatic carriage in birds. C. psittaci is a zoonotic agent causing psittacosis or parrot fever in humans. Vertical and/or horizontal transmission via eggs might have serious repercussions on the C. psittaci infection status of poultry flocks and thus on zoonotic risk for all workers along the poultry supply chain. We therefore studied the presence of C. psittaci in a hatchery. In addition, we examined all (n=4) employees of the hatchery to evaluate the zoonotic risk. We could not detect C. psittaci on either eggshells or eggshell membranes. However, C. psittaci isolates of different outer-membrane protein A (ompA) genotypes were cultured from the air of both turkey (genotypes A and C) and chicken (genotype D) hatching chambers. Zoonotic transmission occurred in all employees and a mixed infection with up to three different genotypes (A, D and C), also found in air samples, was discovered. Diagnostic monitoring and reporting of C. psittaci infections in poultry workers should be promoted. Additionally, an efficient veterinary vaccine and information campaigns on zoonotic risk and preventive measures against C. psittaci transmission would be beneficial to public health

show abstract

Isolation of Chlamydia psittaci from a chicken egg: Evidence of egg transmission

Cited by 29 publications

References 7 publications

Evaluation of a Chlamydophila psittaci Infection Diagnostic Platform for Zoonotic Risk Assessment

Evaluation of a Chlamydophila psittaci Infection Diagnostic Platform for Zoonotic Risk Assessment

Longitudinal monitoring for respiratory pathogens in broiler chickens reveals co-infection of Chlamydia psittaci and Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale

Zoonotic transmission of Chlamydia psittaci in a chicken and turkey hatchery

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About