Isolation of<i>Rickettsia typhi</i>from Human, Mexico

Zavala-Castro, Jorge; Dzul-Rosado, Karla; Peniche-Lara, Gaspar; Tello-Martín, Raúl; Zavala-Velázquez, Jorge E.

doi:10.3201/eid2008.130095

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“… 16 , 17 In the US, human cases were commonly reported during the first half of the 20th century, 17 , 18 and a reemergence has been evident during the last few decades in some states. 2 , 14 , 19–22 Similarly, cases have also been reported in Mexico, 23 , 24 Brazil, 25 , 26 Colombia, 27 , 28 and Surinam. 29 A similar pattern of emergence (or reemergence depending on the locality) is evident in countries across Asia, 30 , 31 Europe, 32–34 Oceania, 35 , 36 and Africa.…”

Section: Epidemiology and Ecology Of Murine Typhusmentioning

confidence: 74%

Manifestations and Management of Flea-Borne Rickettsioses

Martinez

Ramírez-Hernández

Blanton

2021

RRTM

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Murine typhus and flea-borne spotted fever are undifferentiated febrile illnesses caused by Rickettsia typhi and Rickettsia felis , respectively. These organisms are small obligately intracellular bacteria and are transmitted to humans by fleas. Murine typhus is endemic to coastal areas of the tropics and subtropics (especially port cities), where rats are the primary mammalian host and rat fleas ( Xenopsylla cheopis ) are the vector. In the United States, a cycle of transmission involving opossums and cat fleas ( Ctenocephalides felis ) are the presumed reservoir and vector, respectively. The incidence and distribution of murine typhus appear to be increasing in endemic areas of the US. Rickettsia felis has also been reported throughout the world and is found within the ubiquitous cat flea. Flea-borne rickettsioses manifest as an undifferentiated febrile illness. Headache, malaise, and myalgia are frequent symptoms that accompany fever. The incidence of rash is variable, so its absence should not dissuade the clinician to consider a rickettsial illness as part of the differential diagnosis. When present, the rash is usually macular or papular. Although not a feature of murine typhus, eschar has been found in 12% of those with flea-borne spotted fever. Confirmatory laboratory diagnosis is usually obtained by serology; the indirect immunofluorescence assay is the serologic test of choice. Antibodies are seldom present during the first few days of illness. Thus, the diagnosis requires acute- and convalescent-phase specimens to document seroconversion or a four-fold increase in antibody titer. Since laboratory diagnosis is usually retrospective, when a flea-borne rickettsiosis is considered, empiric treatment should be initiated. The treatment of choice for both children and adults is doxycycline, which results in a swift and effective response. The following review is aimed to summarize the key clinical, epidemiological, ecological, diagnostic, and treatment aspects of flea-borne rickettsioses.

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Section: Epidemiology and Ecology Of Murine Typhusmentioning

confidence: 74%

Manifestations and Management of Flea-Borne Rickettsioses

Martinez

Ramírez-Hernández

Blanton

2021

RRTM

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“…Murine typhus in endemic in Mexico (Yucatan), the US (Texas and Southern California) and Colombia (Caldas) 9 - 11 . In Mexico, human cases have been detected mainly in the Southern state of Yucatan, however two cases have been reported in the centre of the country (State of Mexico and Mexico city) 12 - 17 . Using molecular techniques, we now report a new case of murine typhus in Mexico city after almost 20 years of the last published report.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Murine typhus in Mexico City: report of an imported case

Sánchez‐Montes

Colunga‐Salas

Fernández-Figueroa

et al. 2019

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

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“…En México, particularmente en la Península de Yucatán, se han registrado numerosos casos de fiebres rickettsiales en seres humanos ocasionados por distintas especies: Zavala-Castro et al (5,6), hallaron tifo murino provocado por R. typhi. Asimismo, Zavala-Velázquez et al En mayo y junio de 2010, se presentó un brote de fiebre rickettsial en habitantes de la comunidad rural y vulnerable de Bolmay, Yucatán, México (Área de Epidemiología de la Jurisdicción Sanitaria número 2 de los Servicios de Salud de Yucatán [SSY], datos no publicados).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Rickettsia spp. en garrapatas (Acari: Ixodidae) que infestan perros de una comunidad rural con antecedentes de rickettsiosis, Yucatán, México

Martínez-Ortiz¹,

Torres–Castro²,

López-Ávila³

et al. 2019

Rev Biomed

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Introducción. Las bacterias del género Rickettsia son agentes causales de las rickettsiosis, enfermedades zoonóticas endémicas en México. En Yucatán, ocurrió un brote en habitantes de Bolmay; sin embargo, no se identificó el probable artrópodo transmisor. Objetivo. Reportar la presencia de Rickettsia spp. en garrapatas infestando perros domésticos de Bolmay.Material y métodos. Se trabajaron 105 viales con hasta ocho garrapatas. Se extrajo ADN de los ectoparásitos, posterior a la identificación del ciclo de desarrollo vital, la diferenciación sexual, género y especie. Se realizaron dos PCR para aislar fragmentos de los genes htrA (17-kDa) y rOmpB, pertenecientes a Rickettsia spp. Los productos positivos fueron secuenciados y analizados con la herramienta BLAST y el algoritmo Megablast. Resultados. Se utilizaron 291 garrapatas de los géneros Amblyomma (55.7%, 162/291), Rhipicephalus (34%, 99/291) e Ixodes (10.3%, 30/291), y las especies: Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato, Ixodes affinis, Amblyomma cajennense y Amblyomma ovale. La positividad por PCR fue de 11.4% (12/105) para los géneros Amblyomma (66.7%, 8/12), Rhipicephalus (25%, 3/12) e Ixodes (8.3%, 1/12), y las especies A. cajennense, Rh. sanguineus s. l. e I. affinis. Se identificó ADN rickettsial en ninfas, larvas y adultos, y en machos y hembras. El análisis BLAST arrojó un 99% de cobertura e identidad con secuencias de Rickettsia spp.Conclusión. Los géneros y algunas especies de garrapatas infestando perros de Bolmay, probablemente están involucrados en el ciclo de transmisión de Rickettsia spp. a los habitantes. Se presenta la primera evidencia molecular de Rickettsia spp. en garrapatas I. affinis de Yucatán, México.

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Isolation ofRickettsia typhifrom Human, Mexico

Cited by 14 publications

References 7 publications

Manifestations and Management of Flea-Borne Rickettsioses

Manifestations and Management of Flea-Borne Rickettsioses

Murine typhus in Mexico City: report of an imported case

Rickettsia spp. en garrapatas (Acari: Ixodidae) que infestan perros de una comunidad rural con antecedentes de rickettsiosis, Yucatán, México

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