Isolation of infectious SARS-CoV-2 from urine of a COVID-19 patient

Sun, Jing; Zhu, Airu; Li, Heying; Zheng, Kui; Zhuang, Zhen; Zhao, Chen; Shi, Yongxia; Zhang, Zhaoyong; Chen, Si bei; Liu, Xuesong; Dai, Jun; Li, Xiaobo; Huang, Shuxiang; Huang, Xiaofang; Luo, Ling; Wen, Liyan; Zhuo, Jianfen; Li, Yuming; Wang, Yanqun; Zhang, Lu; Zhang, Yanjun; Li, Fang; Feng, Liqiang; Chen, Xinwen; Zhong, Nanshan; Yang, Zifeng; Huang, Jicheng; Zhao, Jincun; Li, Yi Min

doi:10.1080/22221751.2020.1760144

Cited by 333 publications

(326 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…This outcome may depend on the inclusion/exclusion search criteria of our review. Other reviews have focused on gastrointestinal symptoms and reported a higher prevalence in more severe patients ( 46 , 65 ). Our findings suggest the importance of screening the viral positivity of patients' stool even after negative results of their respiratory tract swabs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence and Persistence of Viral Shedding in COVID-19 Post-acute Patients With Negativized Pharyngeal Swab: A Systematic Review

et al. 2020

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After the global spread of a severe acute respiratory syndrome caused by a coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), factors that influence viral diffusion have gained great attention. Human-to-human transmission mainly occurs through droplets, but viral RNA clearance in different biological fluids in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remains unclear. We aimed to correlate the presence and the relevant temporal patterns of SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA in biological specimens (stool, urine, blood, and tears) of the transmission with clinical/epidemiological features in patients with COVID-19. We focused on the time window between the positivity of reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) tests from different specimens. We used the Mantel–Cox log rank test to verify the differences in terms of viral shedding duration, while we employed the Mann–Whitney U -test for subgroup analysis. This review protocol was registered with PROSPERO number: CRD42020183629. We identified 147 studies; we included 55 (1,348 patients) for epidemiological analysis, of which we included 37 (364 patients) for statistical analysis. The most frequently used specimens other than respiratory tract swabs were stool samples (or anal/rectal swabs), with a positivity rate of 48.8%, followed by urine samples, with a positivity rate of 16.4%; blood samples showed a positivity rate of 17.5%. We found that fecal positivity duration (median 19 days) was significantly ( p < 0.001) longer than respiratory tract positivity (median 14 days). Limited data are available about the other specimens. In conclusion, medical and social communities must pay close attention to negativization criteria for COVID-19, because patients could have longer alternative viral shedding.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence and Persistence of Viral Shedding in COVID-19 Post-acute Patients With Negativized Pharyngeal Swab: A Systematic Review

et al. 2020

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“…2 ) [25] , [26] , [27] , [28] , [29] , [30] , [31] , [32] , [33] , [34] , [35] , [36] , [37] , [38] , [39] , [40] , [41] , [42] , [43] , [44] . More importantly, the infectious virus has also been detected in feces and urine of patients [45] , [46] , [47] , which triggered the public’s high concern about fecal-oral transmission and/or wastewater transmission. The virus that has been found can remain stable for up to a few days at 20 °C in wastewater [48] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Where do we stand to oversee the coronaviruses in aqueous and aerosol environment? Characteristics of transmission and possible curb strategies

Zhao

Esteve‐Núñez

Liu

et al. 2021

Chemical Engineering Journal

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“…Collectively, the available evidence demonstrated that the occurrence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in human intestinal organoids might recapitulate enteric infection of COVID-19 patients, and the human intestinal tract might represent an additional route of SARS-CoV-2 transmission ( Zhou et al, 2020a ). In the meantime, SARS-CoV-2 RNA was also detected in the urine sample ( Sun et al, 2020 ), sink, and toilet ( Ong et al, 2020 ) of COVID-19 patients, and the positive urine duration was more than one month ( Sun et al, 2020 ). Notably, Sun et al (2020) successfully isolated infectious SARS-CoV-2 from the urine of a COVID-19 patient, suggesting that SARS-CoV-2 might be secreted through the human urinary system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pit latrines may be a potential risk in rural China and low-income countries when dealing with COVID-19

Liu

Hou

et al. 2021

Science of The Total Environment

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According to the latest reports, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which caused coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), was successfully isolated from the excreta (stool and urine) of COVID-19 patients, suggesting SARS-CoV-2 could be transmitted through excreta contaminated water. As pit latrines and the use of untreated excreta as fertilizer were common in rural China, we surveyed 27 villages of Jiangxi and Hubei provinces and found that pit latrines could be a potential source of SARS-CoV-2 water pollution. Recently, bats have been widely recognized as the source of SARS-CoV-2. There were many possible intermediate hosts of SARS-CoV-2, including pangolin, snake, bird and fish, but which one was still not clear exactly. Here, we proposed a hypothesis to illustrate the mechanism that SARS-CoV-2 might spread from the excreta of infected humans in pit latrines to potential animal hosts, thus becoming a sustainable source of infection in rural China. Therefore, we believe that abolishing pit latrines and banning the use of untreated excreta as fertilizer can improve the local living environment and effectively prevent COVID-19 and other potential waterborne diseases that could emanate from the excreta of infected persons. Although this study focused on rural areas in China, the results could also be applied to low-income countries, especially in Africa.

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Isolation of infectious SARS-CoV-2 from urine of a COVID-19 patient

Cited by 333 publications

References 12 publications

Incidence and Persistence of Viral Shedding in COVID-19 Post-acute Patients With Negativized Pharyngeal Swab: A Systematic Review

Incidence and Persistence of Viral Shedding in COVID-19 Post-acute Patients With Negativized Pharyngeal Swab: A Systematic Review

Where do we stand to oversee the coronaviruses in aqueous and aerosol environment? Characteristics of transmission and possible curb strategies

Pit latrines may be a potential risk in rural China and low-income countries when dealing with COVID-19

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