Isolation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Human Alveolar Periosteum and Effects of Vitamin D on Osteogenic Activity of Periosteum-derived Cells

Abstract

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are present in a variety of tissues and can be differentiated into numerous cell types, including osteoblasts. Among the dental sources of MSCs, the periosteum is an easily accessible tissue, which has been identified to contain MSCs in the cambium layer. However, this source has not yet been widely studied. Vitamin D3 and 1,25-(OH)2D3 have been demonstrated to stimulate in vitro differentiation of MSCs into osteoblasts. In addition, vitamin C facilitates collagen formation and bone cell growth. However, no study has yet investigated the effects of Vitamin D3 and Vitamin C on MSCs. Here, we present a method of isolating MSCs from human alveolar periosteum and examine the hypothesis that 1,25-(OH)2D3 may exert an osteoinductive effect on these cells. We also investigate the presence of MSCs in the human alveolar periosteum and assess stem cell adhesion and proliferation. To assess the ability of vitamin C (as a control) and various concentrations of 1,25-(OH)2D3 (10, 10, 10, and 10 M) to alter key mRNA biomarkers in isolated MSCs mRNA expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bone sialoprotein (BSP), core binding factor alpha-1 (CBFA1), collagen-1, and osteocalcin (OCN) are measured using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).

Bioactivating a bone substitute accelerates graft incorporation in a murine model of vertical ridge augmentation

“…1L , M ). Periostea are niches for osteoprogenitor cells [ 34 , 35 ], which suggested that the new bone that gradually enveloped the graft particles might arise from this source. We therefore focused on how oral periosteum responded to tunneling and grafting procedures.…”

Prologue: Oro-Dental-Derived Stromal Cells for Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Tissue Engineering - Past, Present and Future

“…SGSCs express the markers CD24, CD29, CD34, CD44, CD49f, CD73, CD81, CD90, CD105, CD133, CD146, CD166, STRO-1, Nestin and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) (Table 4). There is a controversy if they express CD117 marker or not, as it was reported that SGSCs that were isolated from minor salivary glands do not express this marker [78,80,81]. These cells are capable of differentiate toward the classic MSCs lines; osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic, and into amylase-expressing cells [82].…”

Spatial Distributions, Characteristics, and Applications of Craniofacial Stem Cells

“…The surface of the bone is covered by the periosteum, which is a 50-150 μ m two-layer membrane with an abundance of nerves and blood vessels ( Figure 1 ). The outer fibrous layer is adjacent to the surrounding soft fibrous and muscular tissue, while the inner layer is highly vascularized and provides a niche for progenitor cells [ 26 , 27 ]. A large number of studies have already shown that precursor cells residing in the craniofacial bone periosteum play an important role in bone regeneration [ 28 ].…”

“…Therefore, to minimize potential damage, the use of appropriate ways to amplify and induce stem cells to differentiate toward the osteoblast lineage is particularly important. Wang et al reported that vitamin C and vitamin D were ideal stimulants of craniofacial PDLSCs for osteoblast differentiation in vitro [ 26 ]. Naung et al proposed a protocol to cultivate palate periosteum-derived MSCs in serum-free and xeno-free medium, which could become a useful source of MSCs for clinical applications [ 86 ].…”