Isolation of Mumps Virus From Human Beings With Induced Apparent or Inapparent Infections

Henle, Gertrude; Henle, Werner; Wendell, Katherine K.; Rosenberg, Philip S.

doi:10.1084/jem.88.2.223

Cited by 93 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…In only one patient was the urine sample positive and the throat swab negative, and in this patient, both samples were obtained 12 days after the start of symptoms. This case demonstrates, once more, the prolonged excretion of the mumps virus in urine compared with its lesser presence in the upper respiratory tract (8,17).…”

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confidence: 78%

“…The mumps virus is excreted in the oropharynx of infected patients and may be isolated in saliva (or by a throat swab) from 9 days before to 8 days after symptoms appear (8,15). As a result, respiratory transmission (droplet spread) of the virus may occur during a period of 7 to 10 days, including the 2 or 3 days before symptoms appear (8).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…As a result, respiratory transmission (droplet spread) of the virus may occur during a period of 7 to 10 days, including the 2 or 3 days before symptoms appear (8). Detection and isolation of the mumps virus in the saliva or throat swabs of patients is the best method for etiological confirmation and may be carried out in the first 4 to 5 days after infection (4).…”

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Comparison between Indirect Immunofluorescence Assay and Shell Vial Culture for Detection of Mumps Virus from Clinical Samples

et al. 2003

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We report a prospective comparison of the efficacies of an indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and shell vial culture (SVC) of throat swab and urine samples from patients with mumps. Throat swab samples were used for the IFA; the urine samples and throat swabs were inoculated into vials of Vero cells. We studied 62 patients by using 62 throat swabs and 50 urine samples (50 patients with both samples). Sixty (96.7%) throat samples were positive in the SVC, and 61 (98.3%) were positive in the IFA. For the 50 patients from whom both samples were available, the IFA was positive in 50 (100%) cases, the urine sample was positive in 49 (98%) cases, and the throat swab was positive in 48 (96%) cases (P > 0.05). This comparison of throat swabs and urine samples has shown that the two clinical samples are similar in efficacy.Parotiditis (mumps or infectious parotitis) is a disease, caused by the mumps virus, that affects especially children less than 15 months old who have not been vaccinated or children or young adults living in geographical areas with low vaccination rates (1,3,10,14). Nevertheless, there have been reports of mumps outbreaks in vaccinated populations although it was later found that, in the majority of the cases, the vaccine used was the Rubini strain, which offers slight protection against this disease (7, 13).The diagnosis of mumps is generally clinical (parotid gland inflammation, swelling, and pain) when associated with a community epidemic outbreak. However, it is always advisable to perform a serological study of the patients and to try to isolate the mumps virus in order to establish its antigenic characteristics (2, 10, 14, 15). There is no specific rapid diagnostic technique for the mumps virus. Immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and the reverse transcription-PCR technique appear to be the methods with the greatest clinical efficacy (5, 9-11). Isolation in cell culture, especially by the shell vial method, has been recommended for a rapid and specific diagnosis, but it takes a minimum of 2 to 3 days (6,12,16).Taking advantage of an epidemic outbreak of mumps in our community, we performed a prospective and comparative study of the direct antigen detection technique (IFA) versus shell vial culture from throat swab and urine samples from patients with clinical symptoms of mumps.All throat swabs were placed in a virus transport medium and sent to the laboratory immediately. Sample volumes of 250 l were used for cytospin preparations by centrifugation onto glass slides at 700 rpm for 10 min with a cytocentrifuge (Cytospin 3; Shandon Scientific, Runcorn, England). After being air dried, the slides were fixed with acetone at Ϫ20°C for 10 min and then stained with a mouse monoclonal antibody against mumps virus (clone 75; Argene-Biosoft) by an indirect IFA. The presence of cytoplasmic or membrane type-specific immunofluorescence was considered a positive result.Urine samples were first centrifuged at 1,000 ϫ g for 15 min to remove cells and debris and then inoculated (250 l per sample) into two vials ...

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Comparison between Indirect Immunofluorescence Assay and Shell Vial Culture for Detection of Mumps Virus from Clinical Samples

et al. 2003

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“…First, we observed that 66% of the mumps virus infections among MMR vaccinated persons were asymptomatic, 33 compared with 30-40% of the mumps virus infections among unvaccinated persons in previous studies, thus showing a clear protective effect. 2,34 Second, MMR vaccination reduces the development of bilateral parotitis and orchitis and shedding of mumps virus in urine. 30 Thus, once the virus has entered the body via the upper respiratory tract, vaccine-induced adaptive immune responses seem to prevent mumps virus spread, although it is not clear which immune responses are essential for protection against systemic mumps virus infection.…”

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Mumps virus pathogenesis: Insights and knowledge gaps

Gouma

Binnendijk

2016

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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“…Namely, in experimental infection of mumps, it was shown that the virus may be isolated from saliva at the time when the mumps compliment fixing antibody titer in serum is high (Henle et al 1948). It is generally accepted that virus may be isolated from saliva until serum anti body reaches a sufficient level to influence on the growth of mumps virus in salivary glands.…”

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