Isolation of non‐cytopathic viruses implicated in the aetiology of nephritis and baby chick nephropathy and serologically related to avian nephritis virus

Abstract

SUMMARYThree embryo-lethal agents were isolated from broiler chickens having either stunting syndrome or baby chick nephropathy. The agents replicated at low levels in chick kidney cells, but a cytopathic effect was not seen. Their presence was detected by embryo mortalities after yolk sac inoculations. All three agents caused nephritis and growth suppression when inoculated into 1-day-old chicks, and one agent caused increased incidence of baby chick nephropathy. This, and one other agent, were serologically closely related to avian nephritis virus G-4260. Picornavirus-like particles were present in the kidneys of infected birds. The histopathology of baby chick nephropathy was similar to, although more severe than, the nephritis seen in clinically normal birds. The strain of birds used to produce chick kidney cells influenced the ability of G-4260 to form a cytopathic effect and plaques. Strain of bird also influenced the lesions produced on chorio-allantoic membranes after inoculation of G-4260 and the above isolates.

Detection and characterization of a new astrovirus in chicken and turkeys with enteric and locomotion disorders

“…Many studies have shown that the pathogenicity of ANV-1 is limited to the kidney of chickens, in contrast to the damage observed in the kidney, pancreas, duodenum, thymus, bursa and liver that was seen after infection with isolate 19 (Imada, 2008). This pathogenicity of isolate 19 was observed after infection of 3-week-old SPF layers, whereas several strains of ANV-1 caused considerable mortality in 1-day-old SPF chicks but not in older birds (Imada et al, 1981;Frazier et al, 1990;Narita et al, 1990;Shirai et al, 1991aShirai et al, , b, 1992Reece et al, 1992). These differences can be explained by the different type of ANV strains, by strain of bird, route of inoculation or level of maternally derived antibodies; other experimental conditions should also be taken into account (Mandoki et al, 2006;Reynolds & Schultz-Cherry, 2008).…”

High-resolution melt curve analysis to confirm the presence of co-circulating isolates of avian nephritis virus in commercial chicken flocks

“…Its initial discovery was made in 1976 in Japan and it has subsequently been detected in other countries including in Australia in 2008 (Yamaguchi et al, 1979;Hewson et al, 2010). Experimental infection studies have suggested that the virus can cause poor growth, kidney lesions and increased mortality in young chickens (Frazier et al, 1990). Infection with ANV occurs commonly in commercial chickens in many countries, with some documented cases of clinical disease recorded but most infections appear to be subclinical (Imada et al, 1980;Connor et al, 1987;Mandoki et al, 2006;Hewson et al, 2010).…”

Molecular diagnosis of avian nephritis: Preliminary report

“…The isolation of the virus might be complicated (Calnek et al, 1997). ANV usually replicates in embryonic chicken kidney cells, causing round-cell-type cytopathic effect, but ANV strains may differ in their ability of in vitro replication (Frazier et al, 1990).…”