Isolation of “non-syncytia forming” herpes viruses from cattle in Tanzania

In vitro growth characteristics of bovine herpesvirus 4 (BHV-4) as revealed by indirect immunofluorescence assay with monoclonal antibodies and polyvalent antisera

“…The BHV-4 isolate LVR-140 grown on M D B K cell monolayers produced the typical slow progressive CPE described for this group of bovine herpesviruses [1,5,9,15,19,23,25,26,29]. The CPE induced by this strain was discernible between 20 and 30 hours p.i.…”

Development and Evaluation of an Indirect ELISA: Serological Survey to Detect Specific Antibodies to Bovine Herpesvirus 4

“…Besides this conundrum, scientific curiosity has driven the search for an evolutionary explanation for this virus, because in the virus´s world, it is an unique example of lateral transfer of a gene that encodes the core 2 beta-1,6-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (B1,6GnT) protein, an enzyme that has implications for the host immune system evasion (Markine-Goriaynoff et al 2003a). Several studies have been have made to detect the BoHV-4 (Frazier et al 2001, 2002, MarkineGoriaynoff et al 2003bDeim et al 2007;Elhassan et al 2011;Peréz et al 2011) and varying prevalence rates ranging from 4 to 50% in Europe (Luini et al 1985(Luini et al , 1986Truman et al 1986;Wellemberg et al 1999;Essmail et al 1999; Monge et al 2006), 14 to 70% in Africa (Kaminjolo et al 1972;Rweyemamu et al 1973;Theodoridis 1978;Eyanga 1989;Rossiter et al 1989;Marchot et al 1991;Woldemeskel et al 2000;Elhassan et al 2011), 2 to 88% in the USA (Potgieter and Mare 1971;Phillips et al 1983Phillips et al , 1989Naeem et al 1989;Guo et al 1998;Kruger et al 1991), 8.9 to 23.3% in Asia (Kwang 1999;Asano et al 2002); 69% in the Middle-East (House et al 1990;Gur et al 2010) and 84.4% of animals in Serbia (Nikolin et al 2007) have been reported. In Brazil, studies about BoHV-4 are still scarce.…”

Problems Concerning the Taxonomy of the ‘Movar-Type’ Bovine Herpesviruses

“…The name 'orphan' herpesvirus also was then used by the ICTV Herpesvirus Study Group as the 'common name' for the Movar-type herpes viruses [Roizman et al, 1981]. More informa tion was included in the names 'nonsyncytia forming herpesviruses' [Rweyemamu and Loretu, 1973;Munz et al, 1974], 'non-IBR herpesviruses' [Kinyili and Thorsen, 1979], and the 'slow replicating herpesviruses' [Storz et al, 1984] or "slow growth herpesvi ruses' [Osorio et al, 1985]. The term 'cytomeg alovirus' was first suggested at a CEC Semi nar in 1982 [Ludwig, 1984], then coined in a paper on morphogenesis of a cytomegalovi rus [Todd and Storz, 1983] and later publica tions defining the molecular biology of these viruses [Storz et al, 1984;Ehlers et al, 1985].…”

“…Later on, Several strains were obtained from animals showing various forms of re spiratory disorders, including bronchopneu monia [Krjukov et al, 1971;Mohanty et al, 1971] and upper respiratory disease [Smith et al, 1972], Other isolates were associated with various kinds of neoplasms, such as tumors of the urinary bladder and the rumen [Kaminjolo et al, 1972], and ocular squamous cell carcinoma [Anson et al, 1982]. Some isolates were obtained from different skin lesions, i.e., skin nodules [Rweyemamu and Loretu, 1973], mammary pustular dermatitis [Reed et al, 1977], and erosive glossitis [Luini, 1985]. Virus strains have also been recovered from aborted fetuses [Crandell etal., 1976;Reed et al, 1979], from uteri with postpartum metritis [Parks and Kendrick, 1973] and from chronic metritis [Wellemans et al, 1983].…”