Isolation of Octopamine from Annual Rye Grass

Hardwick, Ben C.; Axelrod, Bernard

doi:10.1104/pp.44.12.1745

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…A wide variety of substituted phenethylamines have been identified in plants, including norepinephrine (3, 12), tyramine (9, 24), dopamine (13,19), adrenaline and dopa (1 1), N-methyl tyramine (22), and octopamine (16,26 Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacuum cv H425), cotton (Gossypium hirsutum cv DPL6 1), corn (Zea mays var A188), soybean (Glycine max cv Hardin, Williams, Peking, and Essex), and sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) seeds were sterilized with commercial bleach (4-6% NaOCl) diluted 1:5 with water for 10 min, washed three times with sterile distilled water, and germinated on filter paper.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A wide variety of substituted phenethylamines have been identified in plants, including norepinephrine (3,12), tyramine (9,24), dopamine (13,19), adrenaline and dopa (1 1), N-methyl tyramine (22), and octopamine (16,26). Although these compounds have been extensively studied in insects, mollusks, and crustaceans for their neurotransmitter properties (6,18), their functions in plants remain relatively obscure.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Cytokinin Antagonist Activity of Substituted Phenethylamines in Plant Cell Culture

Christou¹,

Barton²

1989

Plant Physiol.

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A series of structurally related substituted phenethylamines shows extreme toxicity toward wild-type callus tissue cultures of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), soybean (Glycine max), corn (Zea mays), and sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), but tobacco crown gall cultures are resistant to the compounds. The essential components that result in toxicity of the phenethylamines include one aromatic hydroxyl and one primary aliphatic amino group. A series of attenuated crown gall cultures, generated by transformation of tobacco with various modified Agrobacterium strains, has been used to demonstrate that the resistance of crown galls to the phenethylamines is due to the expression in these tissues of isopentenyl transferase, a first step in cytokinin biosynthesis. The toxicity of the compounds to tissue cultures is very rapid, but can be overcome by prior exposure of the calli to exogenous cytokinin. Because of the relationships we have observed between cytokinins and these compounds, we propose that the substituted phenethylamines may represent a class of chemicals that can be used as specific probes to further an understanding of cytokinin metabolism in plant tissues.to metabolic regulatory events in an as yet unrevealed way (3).Unfortunately, the complex interactions of the various plant hormones with one another frequently complicate the development ofa clear understanding ofthe underlying mechanisms of hormone activity. Because a number of seemingly unrelated studies have implicated the catecholamines in metabolic situations characterized by rapid hormone responses, we investigated a series of the compounds for growth altering characteristics on plant tissue cultures. In screening for cytokinin-active compounds, we initially observed that octopamine, a substituted phenethylamine, was exceedingly toxic to wild-type tobacco callus, but had no apparent effect on crown gall tissues. We explored this effect further by observing the effect ofvarious related compounds on a variety ofcell culture types, including a series of altered or attentuated crown galls. The results of these studies suggest that octopamine and the related compounds are antagonists of cytokinin metabolism in plant tissues, and may possibly be useful probes for further analysis of the details of cytokinin metabolism in plants. MATERIALS AND METHODSA wide variety of substituted phenethylamines have been identified in plants, including norepinephrine (3, 12), tyramine (9, 24), dopamine (13,19), adrenaline and dopa (1 1), N-methyl tyramine (22), and octopamine (16,26 Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacuum cv H425), cotton (Gossypium hirsutum cv DPL6 1), corn (Zea mays var A188), soybean (Glycine max cv Hardin, Williams, Peking, and Essex), and sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) seeds were sterilized with commercial bleach (4-6% NaOCl) diluted 1:5 with water for 10 min, washed three times with sterile distilled water, and germinated on filter paper.Callus Induction

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A wide variety of substituted phenethylamines have been identified in plants, including norepinephrine (3,12), tyramine (9,24), dopamine (13,19), adrenaline and dopa (1 1), N-methyl tyramine (22), and octopamine (16,26). Although these compounds have been extensively studied in insects, mollusks, and crustaceans for their neurotransmitter properties (6,18), their functions in plants remain relatively obscure.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytokinin Antagonist Activity of Substituted Phenethylamines in Plant Cell Culture

Christou¹,

Barton²

1989

Plant Physiol.

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“…If their presence in nectar is an inevitable consequence of herbivore defense, beyond tissue-specific regulation ( Manson et al., 2012 ), chemistry may be one strategy plants could use to fine-tune the effects of secondary metabolites on herbivores vs. pollinators. The widespread presence of foliar OA across plant taxa, from grasses ( Hardwick and Axelrod, 1969 ) to bell peppers ( Wheaton and Stewart, 1970 ), shows it is a basic part of many plants’ biochemical toolkit. Currently, studies of fruit, leaf, and root chemistry are far more abundant than those of nectar.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%