Isolation of PCV3 from Perinatal and Reproductive Cases of PCV3-Associated Disease and In Vivo Characterization of PCV3 Replication in CD/CD Growing Pigs

Mora-Díaz, Juan Carlos; Piñeyro, Pablo; Shen, Huigang; Schwartz, Kent; Vannucci, Fábio A.; Li, Ganwu; Arruda, Bailey; Giménez-Lirola, Luis

doi:10.3390/v12020219

Cited by 55 publications

(112 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…However, the protective role of PCV3-induced antibodies is unknown and different isotypes could have a different role in viral neutralization. Recently, we reported that CD/CD pigs inoculated with virus isolate showed an early IgM but not IgG PCV3-specific response associated with delayed viremia [21]. However, in this study, no detectable IgM (data not shown), but an early and sustained IgG PCV3-specific response was observed.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 66%

Pathogenicity and immune response against porcine circovirus type 3 infection in caesarean-derived, colostrum-deprived pigs

Temeeyasen

Lierman

Arruda

et al. 2021

Journal of General Virology

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Recently, a novel PCV species (PCV3) has been detected in cases associated with sow mortality, lesions consistent with porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome, reproductive failure and multisystemic inflammation. The pathogenesis and clinical significance of PCV3 is still unclear. In this study, we investigated the immunopathogenesis of PCV3 in CD/CD pigs. Four treatment groups, PCV3 (n=6), PCV3-KLH (n=6), control (n=3) and control-KLH (n=3), were included with PCV3-positive tissue homogenate (gc=3.38×1012 ml−1 and gc=1.04×1011 ml−1), confirmed by quantitative PCR (qPCR) and next-generation sequencing. Clinical signs, viremia, viral shedding, systemic cytokines, humoral (IgG) and T-cellular response were evaluated for 42 days. At necropsy, tissues were collected for histological evaluation and PCV3 detection by qPCR and in situ hybridization. No significant clinical signs were observed through the study. Viremia was detected in both PCV3-inoculated groups from 3 days post-inoculation (p.i.) until the end of the study. Nasal shedding was detected from 3 to 28 days p.i. and faecal shedding was transient. PCV3 induced an early (7 days p.i.) and sustained (42 days p.i.) IgG response. No significant T-cell response was observed. Histological evaluation demonstrated lesions consistent with multisystemic inflammation and perivasculitis. All tissues evaluated were positive by qPCR and virus replication was confirmed by positive in situ hybridization. This study demonstrated the potential role of PCV3 in subclinical infection, producing a mild, multisystemic inflammatory response, prolonged viremia detectable for 42 days p.i., presence of IgG humoral response and viral shedding in nasal secretions. More research is required to understand and elucidate potential co-factors necessary in the manifestation and severity of clinical disease.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 66%

Pathogenicity and immune response against porcine circovirus type 3 infection in caesarean-derived, colostrum-deprived pigs

Temeeyasen

Lierman

Arruda

et al. 2021

Journal of General Virology

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“…However, the mere detection of an enzootic virus in animals with clinical conditions is not sufficient to demonstrate its disease causality [ 4 ]. Despite the worldwide ubiquitous distribution of PCV-3 [ 13 , 19 ], there is little evidence of PCV-3 detection within lesions of diseased animals [ 4 , 20 ]. In consequence, it is of great importance to determine the frequency of the virus in farms with reproductive problems and assess its potential causality in these problems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Porcine Circovirus 3 Detection in Aborted Fetuses and Stillborn Piglets from Swine Reproductive Failure Cases

Saporiti

Valls²,

Maldonado³

et al. 2021

Viruses

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Porcine circovirus 3 (PCV-3) has been widely detected in healthy and diseased pigs; among different pathologic conditions, the strongest evidence of association comes from reproductive disease cases. However, simple viral detection does not imply the causality of the clinical conditions. Detection of PCV-3 within lesions may provide stronger evidence of causality. Thus, this study aimed to assess the frequency of PCV-3 detection in tissues from fetuses/stillborn piglets in cases of reproductive problems in domestic swine, as well as the histopathologic assessment of fetal tissues. Fetuses or stillborn piglets from 53 cases of reproductive failure were collected and analyzed by PCV-3 qPCR. The presence of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), porcine circovirus 2 (PCV-2), and porcine parvovirus 1 (PPV1) was also checked. PCV-3 qPCR positive samples with a high viral load were tested by PCV-3 in situ hybridization (ISH), sequenced, and phylogenetically analyzed. PCV-3 DNA was detected in 18/53 (33.9%) reproductive failure cases and in 16 of them PCV-3 was the only pathogen found. PCV-2 DNA was found in 5/53 (9.4%), PRRSV RNA in 4/53 (7.5%) and PPV1 was not detected. Four out of the six PCV-3 qPCR-positive cases with Ct value <30 were positive when tested by ISH. In these samples, PCV-3 was detected within mild histopathologic lesions, such as arteritis and periarteritis in multiple tissues. The present work emphasizes the need to include PCV-3 as a potential causative agent of reproductive failure in swine.

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“…PCV3 was detected in a coinfection with PCV2 and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus from a severe case of diarrheal disease in China, and the authors reported a triple infection rate of 48.68% (14). PCV3 was first isolated in 2020 in China in perinatal and reproductive sows (15). Therefore, recent reports suggest that more attention should be given to PCV3-associated disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Porcine Circovirus Type 3 Cap Inhibits Type I Interferon Induction Through Interaction With G3BP1

et al. 2020

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Porcine circovirus 3 (PCV3) infections cause clinical diseases similar to those seen in porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) infections. It is unclear whether PCV3 infections can also cause immunosuppression like that seen with PCV2. Here, we report that Cap inhibits DNA-induced IFN-β mRNA transcription and IFN promoter activation. Cap was also found to inhibit cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) synthase (cGAS) binding to interferon-stimulating DNA (ISD). Immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry were used to identify cellular interaction partners of Cap. Cap interacted with G3BP1 and inhibited the interaction between GTPase-activating protein-(SH3 domain)-binding protein 1 (G3BP1) and cGAS. Furthermore, the destruction of endogenously expressed G3BP1 by siRNA significantly reduced IFN promoter activation, and phosphorylation of tank-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) was induced by ISD. Overexpression of G3BP1 attenuated the inhibition of ISD binding of cGAS by Cap and promoted phosphorylation of TBK1 and IRF3 induced by ISD. Collectively, our results show that the interaction between Cap and G3BP1 prevents cGAS from recognizing DNA, thereby inhibiting the IFN production.

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Isolation of PCV3 from Perinatal and Reproductive Cases of PCV3-Associated Disease and In Vivo Characterization of PCV3 Replication in CD/CD Growing Pigs

Cited by 55 publications

References 64 publications

Pathogenicity and immune response against porcine circovirus type 3 infection in caesarean-derived, colostrum-deprived pigs

Pathogenicity and immune response against porcine circovirus type 3 infection in caesarean-derived, colostrum-deprived pigs

Porcine Circovirus 3 Detection in Aborted Fetuses and Stillborn Piglets from Swine Reproductive Failure Cases

Porcine Circovirus Type 3 Cap Inhibits Type I Interferon Induction Through Interaction With G3BP1

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