Isolation of seselin from Clausena anisata (Rutaceae) leaves and its effects on the feeding and development of Lucilia cuprina larvae may explain its use in ethnoveterinary medicine

Abstract

Ethnopharmacological relevance: The leaves of Clausena anisata are used traditionally to expel maggots from wounds of animals in Zimbabwe. We have previously proved in the laboratory that the plant certainly affects the behaviour and growth of blowfly larvae. The objective of this study was to isolate and identify the active compounds responsible for this activity. Materials and Methods:The acetone extract of C. anisata leaf powder was separated by solvent-solvent partition into five fractions. The n-hexane fraction was the most active in the larvicidal assay and therefore subjected to open column chromatography on silica gel. Results:The isolated compound was identified by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectroscopy (MS) as the pyranocoumarin, seselin, chemically known as 2,2-dimethylpyranocoumarin . It inhibited feed intake in the first and second instars of blowfly larvae at the minimum concentration tested of 1ppm resulting in significant lower mass pupae (13.5 ± 0.5 mg and 22.4 ± 0.4 mg for the first and second instar larvae respectively) compared to the solvent control group (26.19 ± 0.8 mg) (p < 0.05).Conclusions: This is the first report of the isolation of seselin from the leaves of C. anisata and the first report of the compound having an effect against blow fly larvae.

Repellent and mosquitocidal effects of leaf extracts of Clausena anisata against the Aedes aegypti mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae)

“…Although seselin, a pyranocoumarin previously isolated from C. anisata (Mukandiwa et al, 2013), had larvicidal activity against A. aegypti larvae in our previous studies (Mukandiwa et al, 2015); in this study it was not repellent, and it appears that the adulticidal activity observed for the extracts cannot be attributed to seselin. Attempts at isolating a single active component from the plant was not successful as repellency activity decreased as the extract was sequentially separated through fractionation.…”

“…In Cameroon it is used as an insecticide against stored-grain pests. The insecticidal and repellent activities against stored grain pests and feedingdeterrence activity against blowfly larvae have been confirmed in scientific studies (Boeke et al 2004;Ndomo et al 2008;Mukandiwa et al 2013). In Kenya and Ethiopia, the leaves of C.…”

“…Collection, drying and storage methods are outlined in a previous publication (Mukandiwa et al 2013). Dried and powdered leaves of C. anisata (500 g) were extracted with acetone (5 L)…”

“…Also included in this study was the pure compound seselin previously isolated and identified from C. anisata (Mukandiwa et al 2013). The Aedes aegypti mosquito is a vector of various diseases in humans and livestock.…”

POTENSI EKSTRAK GAMBIR, SIRIH-SIRIHAN DAN SAMBILOTO UNTUK MENGENDALIKAN Aphis schneideri PADA TANAMAN Klausena

“…Daunnya mengandung minyak atsiri yang berbau seperti minyak anis. Kandungan bioaktif seselin di dalam daun Klausena efektif mengendalikan larva lalat Lucina cuprina (Mukandiwa et al 2013 Penggunaan pestisida sintetis yang terus menerus dapat menimbulkan beberapa masalah diantaranya terjadinya resurjensi, resistensi serta ledakan hama dan patogen kedua, pencemaran lingkungan baik pada litosfer, hidrosfer maupun atmosfer (Solichah et al 2004). Kebanyakan dari pestisida sintetis tidak dapat larut sempurna dalam air, akibatnya residu pestisida tersebut akan meningkat lewat rantai makanan sehingga dapat membahayakan manusia karena senyawanya ada yang bersifat karsinogen.…”