Isolation of Swine-Influenza-Like A(h1n1) Viruses From Man in Europe, 1986

Jong, J.C. de; Ronde-Verloop, J.M. de; Bangma, P. J.; Kregten, E. van; Kerckhaert, J.; Paccaud, M. F.; Wicki, F.; Wunderli, Werner

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(86)91450-9

Cited by 15 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…All human H1 viruses established in the 20th century cluster with the CS lineage, from which the TR viruses and the pdm/09 virus were derived, and are distinct from the EA viruses. Viruses with EA-like HA genes rarely infect humans, and the human population would likely be immunologically naive to such a virus (1,6,9). Therefore, the ability of the EA-pdm/09-like reassortant detected here to cross the species barrier is relevant to the possibility of novel threats to human health arising from multiple infections of pigs with the pdm/09-like and other swine influenza viruses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Novel Reassortment of Eurasian Avian-Like and Pandemic/2009 Influenza Viruses in Swine: Infectious Potential for Humans

Zhu

Zhou

Fan

et al. 2011

J Virol

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Although the EA virus has been prevalent in Eurasian pig populations for more than 30 years, it is only occasionally detected in humans (1,6,9,17). Currently, the majority of the human population is immunologically naive to EA-like viruses (27).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Reassortment of Eurasian Avian-Like and Pandemic/2009 Influenza Viruses in Swine: Infectious Potential for Humans

Zhu

Zhou

Fan

et al. 2011

J Virol

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“…Thus, to examine the level of antigenic variation in swine viruses, we prepared and defined a panel of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to the haemagglutinin of recent swine isolates. These MAbs were then used to determine whether there was antigenic variation among swine influenza viruses in enzootic areas, H1N1 viruses of swine origin are transmitted to other species, for example since 1980 they have been responsible for disease problems in the U.S.A. in turkeys (Hinshaw et al, 1983;Ficken et al, 1989) and in humans (Dasco et al, 1984;DeJong et al, 1986;Rota et al, 1989). In 1988 a person in Wisconsin, who was exposed to pigs with an influenza-like illness at a fair, died after infection with an H 1N 1 swine influenza virus (Centers for Disease Control, 1988;Rota et al, 1989).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antigenic Conservation of H1N1 Swine Influenza Viruses

Sheerar

Easterday

Hinshaw

1989

Journal of General Virology

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SUMMARYInfluenza viruses of the H 1N 1 subtype have been continually circulating in pigs in the U.S.A. for at least 50 years. To examine the level of antigenic variation in these swine viruses, a panel of 60 monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to the haemagglutinin (HA) of recent swine isolates was prepared. Evaluation of neutralization escape mutants selected with these MAbs defined four antigenic sites on the HA, two of which overlap. Swine viruses isolated over 24 years in an enzootic area in Wisconsin were examined by ELISA and haemagglutination inhibition (HI) with these MAbs and the results indicated that the antigenic sites defined by these MAbs were highly conserved in these viruses. In comparing recent H1N1 viruses from pigs, turkeys, ducks and humans, changes in the antigenic sites were detected on the basis of HI reactivity. However, results of ELISA with these viruses clearly showed that the antigenic sites were still present on almost all H1N1 viruses of swine origin; thus, altered reactivity of these viruses in HI tests with MAbs was not a reflection of changes in the antigenic sites defined by the MAbs. It seems likely that the variation detected in these viruses occurs by a mechanism other than immune selection.

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“…Although swine influenza viruses, including H1N1 subtype strains, are occasionally detected in humans who have had direct contact with pigs, these are most often isolated events which do not lead to sustained human-to-human spread (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6). Clearly, the 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza A viruses transmit with significantly greater efficiency among humans than do swine influenza isolates.…”

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confidence: 99%

The M Segment of the 2009 Pandemic Influenza Virus Confers Increased Neuraminidase Activity, Filamentous Morphology, and Efficient Contact Transmissibility to A/Puerto Rico/8/1934-Based Reassortant Viruses

Campbell

Danzy

Kyriakis

et al. 2014

J Virol

103

117

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To aid in understanding how the M segment might affect transmission, we evaluated neuraminidase activity and virion morphology of reassortant viruses. Transmission was found to correlate with higher neuraminidase activity and a more filamentous morphology. Importantly, we found that introduction of the pandemic M segment alone resulted in an increase in the neuraminidase activity of two pairs of otherwise isogenic PR8-based viruses. Thus, our data demonstrate the surprising result that functions encoded by the influenza A virus M segment impact neuraminidase activity and, perhaps through this mechanism, have a potent effect on transmissibility. IMPORTANCEOur work uncovers a previously unappreciated mechanism through which the influenza A virus M segment can alter the receptor-destroying activity of an influenza virus. Concomitant with changes to neuraminidase activity, the M segment impacts the morphology of the influenza A virion and transmissibility of the virus in the guinea pig model. We suggest that changes in NA activity underlie the ability of the influenza M segment to influence virus transmissibility. Furthermore, we show that coadapted M, NA, and HA segments are required to provide optimal transmissibility to an influenza virus. The M-NA functional interaction we describe appears to underlie the prominent role of the 2009 pandemic M segment in supporting efficient transmission and may be a highly important means by which influenza A viruses restore HA/NA balance following reassortment or transfer to new host environments.

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Isolation of Swine-Influenza-Like A(h1n1) Viruses From Man in Europe, 1986

Cited by 15 publications

References 0 publications

Novel Reassortment of Eurasian Avian-Like and Pandemic/2009 Influenza Viruses in Swine: Infectious Potential for Humans

Novel Reassortment of Eurasian Avian-Like and Pandemic/2009 Influenza Viruses in Swine: Infectious Potential for Humans

Antigenic Conservation of H1N1 Swine Influenza Viruses

The M Segment of the 2009 Pandemic Influenza Virus Confers Increased Neuraminidase Activity, Filamentous Morphology, and Efficient Contact Transmissibility to A/Puerto Rico/8/1934-Based Reassortant Viruses

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