Isolation of Tetra-acyl Sucrose Esters from Turkish Tobacco Using Supercritical Fluid CO₂ and Comparison with Conventional Solvent Extraction

Abstract

Pure supercritical CO2 at various pressures and temperatures was used to effect the fractionation of tetra-acyl sucrose esters (SE) from dried, ground Turkish tobacco without any further pretreatment of the matrix. It was determined that SE cannot be extracted using low density CO2 (150 atm, 60 degrees C, and 0.62 gm/mL or 200 atm, 100 degrees C, and 0.49 gm/mL), whereas other analytes, which strongly interfere with the conventional solvent extraction of SE, can be easily removed under the same conditions. At the higher temperature (100 degrees C), these same analytes that interfere with the conventional solvent extraction of SE are even more readily removed, while the very poor extractability of SE is not affected. It was demonstrated, however, that SE can be removed from the pre-extracted tobacco with supercritical CO2 if the density is greater than (or equal to) 0.73 gm/mL. The supercritical fluid extraction method has been compared with other previous extraction methods that employ conventional solvents. This study provides one of the clearest examples of how the variable density property of a supercritical fluid can be utilized to effect the fractionation of a complex mixture.

Isolation, Fractionation, and Identification of Sucrose Esters from Various Oriental Tobaccos Employing Supercritical Fluids

“…A previously described method (20) was used for all the extractions. In this method, 2 grams of dry tobacco were transferred to a 10 mL stainless steel vessel which was pressurized at 100 /C using pure CO 2 (250 atm).…”

“…Our study differs from previously reported investigations in two respects: a) reversed phase liquid chromatography/electrospray mass spectrometry (RP-HPLC/MS) has been applied to non-derivatized sucrose esters and b) supercritical CO 2 has been used to extract the sucrose esters from the ground tobacco. Pure supercritical CO 2 at various pressures and temperatures was employed to effect fractionation of tetra-acyl sucrose esters from dried Oriental tobacco without any further pretreatment of the matrix (20). It was determined in this preliminary study that sucrose esters could not be extracted using low density (0.4-0.7 g/mL) CO 2 , but at this density other analytes which co-extract during the conventional solvent extraction of sucrose esters could be easily removed.…”

Identification and Quantification of Sucrose Esters in Various Turkish Tobaccos

“…The workers were able to isolate four fractions from the HPLC separation with the last fraction being SE. More recently (14) this enriched tobacco fraction of SE from semi-preparative normal phase LC of the methylene chloride extract was chosen for characterization via HPLC-MS. Several types of SE were observed in the single tobacco that was studied that differed primarily in placement of the acyl functionality on either the glucose or the fructose fragment. In addition to acetyl, the other three observed acyl substitution patterns were governed by the presence of butyl, pentyl, and hexyl alkyl substituents.…”

Separation and Identification of Sucrose Esters from Turkish Tobacco Using Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

“…Our sample of tobacco was extracted with a conventional liquid solvent using a method which has been described previously (14). A preliminary fraction of the extract was further isolated via semi-preparative normal phase HPLC using iso-octane/ethanol as the mobile phase.…”