Isolation of the effect of the hairy layer length on the mechanical properties of waterborne coatings

González, Edurne; Barandiaran, Marı́a J.; Paulis, Marı́a

doi:10.1016/j.porgcoat.2015.06.027

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…In order to carry out FRET analysis, a fluorescent dye donor and acceptor molecule have to be covalently linked into the polymer backbone [ 38 , 39 ]. Phe-MMA donor molecule was added to MMA/BA monomers preemulsion for anionically charged latex (1% NaSS-FRET), while NNP-A acceptor dye molecule to MMA/BA monomers preemulsion for cationically charged latex (1% DMAEMA-FRET).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The main difference between these two solutions is the volatility of NH 3 . Since NH 4 OH is a weak base, an equilibrium exists between the ammonium cation (

) and the ammonia (

) in the aqueous solution as presented in Equation (2) [ 39 , 45 ]:

…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As

is a volatile compound, and during the drying process, NH 3 will evaporate, shifting the equilibrium to the right side and decreasing the concentration of

in the medium [ 39 ]. The effect of the NH 3 evaporation leads to a drop in the pH and, therefore, the tertiary amine groups presented in the DMAEMA specie turned into a protonated state.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ionic Inter-Particle Complexation Effect on the Performance of Waterborne Coatings

2021

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The performance of waterborne (meth)acrylic coatings is critically affected by the film formation process, in which the individual polymer particles must join to form a continuous film. Consequently, the waterborne polymers present lower performance than their solvent-borne counter-polymers. To decrease this effect, in this work, ionic complexation between oppositely charged polymer particles was introduced and its effect on the performance of waterborne polymer films was studied. The (meth)acrylic particles were charged by the addition of a small amount of ionic monomers, such as sodium styrene sulfonate and 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate. Density functional theory calculations showed that the interaction between the selected main charges of the respective functional monomers (sulfonate–amine) is favored against the interactions with their counter ions (sulfonate–Na and amine–H). To induce ionic complexation, the oppositely charged latexes were blended, either based on the same number of charges or the same number of particles. The performance of the ionic complexed coatings was determined by means of tensile tests and water uptake measurements. The ionic complexed films were compared with reference films obtained at pH at which the cationic charges were in neutral form. The mechanical resistance was raised slightly by ionic bonding between particles, producing much more flexible films, whereas the water penetration within the polymeric films was considerably hindered. By exploring the process of polymer chains interdiffusion using Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) analysis, it was found that the ionic complexation was established between the particles, which reduced significantly the interdiffusion process of polymer chains. The presented ionic complexes of sulfonate–amine functionalized particles open a promising approach for reinforcing waterborne coatings.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The main difference between these two solutions is the volatility of NH 3 . Since NH 4 OH is a weak base, an equilibrium exists between the ammonium cation (

) and the ammonia (

) in the aqueous solution as presented in Equation (2) [ 39 , 45 ]:

…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As

is a volatile compound, and during the drying process, NH 3 will evaporate, shifting the equilibrium to the right side and decreasing the concentration of

in the medium [ 39 ]. The effect of the NH 3 evaporation leads to a drop in the pH and, therefore, the tertiary amine groups presented in the DMAEMA specie turned into a protonated state.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Ionic Inter-Particle Complexation Effect on the Performance of Waterborne Coatings

2021

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“…In fact, whereas the viscosity of the blend containing D_1 latex is in the lower part of the critical viscosity window observed in Figure 3 (between 0.14 and 0.23 Pa·s), the one of the blend containing latex AA_1 is above it. Furthermore, it should be noted that film formation of latexes is influenced by the surface chemistry of the polymer particles [ 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 ]. Some authors have demonstrated that the presence of carboxylic acid groups on the particle surface can lead to a hydroplasticization phenomenon enhancing the film formation [ 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Green Electrospinning of Polymer Latexes: A Systematic Study of the Effect of Latex Properties on Fiber Morphology

et al. 2021

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Green electrospinning is a relatively new promising technology in which a polymer (latex) can be spun from an aqueous dispersion with the help of a template polymer. This method is a green, clean and safe technology that is able to spin hydrophobic polymers using water as an electrospinning medium. In this article, a systematic study that investigates the influence of the template polymer molar mass, the total solids content of the initial dispersion and the particle/template ratio is presented. Furthermore, the influence of the surfactant used to stabilize the polymer particles, the surface functionality of the polymer particles and the use of a bimodal particle size distribution on the final fiber morphology is studied for the first time. In green electrospinning, the viscosity of the initial complex blend depends on the amount and molar mass of the template polymer but also on the total solids content of the dispersion to be spun. Thus, both parameters must be carefully taken into account in order to fine-tune the final fiber morphology. Additionally, the particle packing and the surface chemistry of the polymer particles also play an important role in the obtained nanofibers quality.

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“…The quenching of emission by the acceptor fluorophore only occurs when the donor and acceptor molecules are within ∼10 nm. In polymer systems, this has commonly been used to study the mixing of polymer chains as a function of time − and evaluate the exchange dynamics of amphiphilic polymer chains between aggregates. ,, In combination with measurements from dynamic light scattering (DLS), static light scattering (SLS), and transmission electron microscopy, it is evident that BRCs in the composition range of interest self-assemble into low chain number aggregates (below 40–50 chains; an order of magnitude lower than analogous block copolymers), as opposed to self-folding into single-chain nanoparticles as previously suggested. By developing a fundamental understanding of BRC solution properties, the full potential of these materials can be reached, and their behavior in emulsion polymerization systems, where the initial morphology and exchange dynamics of polymeric stabilizers will impact nucleation mechanisms, will be more thoroughly understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Amphiphilic Block-Random Copolymers: Shedding Light on Aqueous Self-Assembly Behavior

et al. 2023

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The aqueous solution and aggregation behavior of polystyrene-b-poly[styrene-r-(acrylic acid)] block-random copolymers have been examined. Previous work conducted by our group showed that these materials exhibit an unanticipated ease of dispersion in water compared to polystyrene-b-poly(acrylic acid) block copolymers of similar molecular weight and composition. Herein, fluorescence labeling experiments and the presence of a critical aggregation concentration suggest the self-assembly of these materials into multichain aggregates as opposed to the self-folding behavior that was previously hypothesized. In our analysis, we demonstrate that caution must be used when interpreting particle size data from dynamic light scattering with polyelectrolyte solutions and that other characterization methods should be used to confirm findings. The fundamental understanding of block-random copolymer solution properties enables the widespread application of these easily dispersible materials in fields where amphiphilic copolymers are of interest, including biomedicine, catalysis, and stabilizers in emulsion polymerization.

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Isolation of the effect of the hairy layer length on the mechanical properties of waterborne coatings

Cited by 7 publications

References 38 publications

Ionic Inter-Particle Complexation Effect on the Performance of Waterborne Coatings

Ionic Inter-Particle Complexation Effect on the Performance of Waterborne Coatings

Green Electrospinning of Polymer Latexes: A Systematic Study of the Effect of Latex Properties on Fiber Morphology

Amphiphilic Block-Random Copolymers: Shedding Light on Aqueous Self-Assembly Behavior

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