Isolation, purification and <b><i>de novo</i></b> sequencing of TBD‐1, the first beta‐defensin from leukocytes of reptiles

Stegemann, Christin; Kolobov, A. A.; Leonova, Yulia F.; Knappe, Daniel; Shamova, O. V.; Ovchinnikova, Tatiana V.; Kokryakov, V. N.; Hoffmann, Ralf

doi:10.1002/pmic.200800569

Cited by 36 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The first -defensin from reptilian leukocytes was recently isolated from the European pond turtle Emys orbicularis. Known as TBD-1, the peptide demonstrated strong activity against E. coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Candida albicans and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (Stegemann, 2009). Another widely distributed family of antimicrobial peptides are the cathelicidins, having been identified in hagfish, teleosts, birds and mammals (Tomasinsig and Zanetti, 2005).…”

Section: Innate Immunitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the vertebrate immune system: insights from the reptilian perspective

Zimmerman

Vogel

Bowden

2010

Journal of Experimental Biology

357

344

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Summary Reptiles are ectothermic amniotes, providing the key link between ectothermic anamniotic fishes and amphibians, and endothermic amniotic birds and mammals. A greater understanding of reptilian immunity will provide important insights into the evolutionary history of vertebrate immunity as well as the growing field of eco-immunology. Like mammals, reptile immunity is complex and involves innate, cell-mediated and humoral compartments but, overall, there is considerably less known about immune function in reptiles. We review the current literature on each branch of the reptilian immune system, placing this information in context to other vertebrates. Further, we identify key areas that are prime for research as well as areas that are lagging because of lack of reagents in non-model systems.

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Section: Innate Immunitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the vertebrate immune system: insights from the reptilian perspective

Zimmerman

Vogel

Bowden

2010

Journal of Experimental Biology

357

344

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“…More detailed aspects about cathelicidins will be discussed in the next section regarding snake venom cathelicidins. Together, cathelicidins and b-defensins are the most prevalent classes of AMPs found in reptiles, as exemplified by crocodilian gallinacin-like peptides (van Hoek 2014), lizard defensin-and cathelicidin-related peptides (Alibardi 2013a(Alibardi , 2014, and turtle b-defensins (Stegemann et al 2009;Alibardi 2013b;Benato et al 2013). In Table 3, examples of reptilian AMPs are listed.…”

Section: Reptilian Antimicrobial Peptidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some of these AMPs are not exclusively expressed in the venom (of snakes) and saliva (of lizards) but are detectable in nonsecretor tissues, such as blood cells, liver, and epithelia. For example, turtle b-defensin 1 (TBD-1) is found in leukocytes of the European pond turtle Emys orbicularis and skin and subdermal granulocytes of the softshelled turtle Apalone spinifera (Alibardi 2013b;Stegemann et al 2009;van Hoek 2014). In crocodilians, apart from the description of hepatic hepcidin, liver-expressed peptide-2 (LEAP-2), and leucrocins -these latter probable nonribosomal peptides from leucocytes, the presence in the blood of AMPs as generated by the fragmentation of a-and b-chains of hemoglobin (van Hoek 2014) is remarkable.…”

Section: Reptilian Antimicrobial Peptidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vipericidins, Snake Venom Cathelicidin-Related Peptides, in the Milieu of Reptilian Antimicrobial Polypeptides

Rádis‐Baptista¹

2015

Snake Venoms

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After the "antibiotic age" we are experiencing a "post-antibiotic era", in which our current antimicrobial arsenal is expiring. In addition, drug-resistant infectious diseases have emerged and reemerged. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) arose as an alternative to classical antibiotic drugs. AMPs are selective membrane-active compounds with a wide spectrum of action against bacteria, fungi, parasites, and viruses. Due to their properties, AMPs are also effective as anticancer peptides and some AMPs can connect the innate and acquired immunity. To date, thousands of sequences have been described from a wide range of phyla. In reptilians, the predominant classes of AMPs that have been found until now encompass b-defensins and the cathelicidins. Cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptides (CRAMPs) have been characterized from Asian elapids and South American pit vipers. Vipericidins from rattlesnakes and jararacas and elapid CRAMPs from cobra and kraits consist of a signal peptide, a conserved cathelin domain, and variable carboxyl-terminal sequences of linear a-helical peptides, from where the antimicrobials are released. Full and short synthetic versions of vipericidins and elapid CRAMPs have been prepared and possess a distinct efficacy toward microbial and transformed malignant cells. Although not belonging to the class of the AMPs, venom polypeptides with biocide activity comprise enzymatic toxins (e.g., PLA2) and nonenzymatic waprins. Altogether, animal venom constitutes a rich source for the disclosure of AMPs with diverse sequences and multiple functions. Given the current knowledge, venomderived AMPs offer a multitude of possibilities for understanding the evolution of this immune-effector molecule and for generating engineered peptides by de novo design.

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“…The current limitations of sequencing peptides and proteins de novo is very well documented in a study that sequenced a beta-defensin of reptilian origin. The authors faced a multitude of problems and resorted to the use of a combination of multiple mass spectrometers, multiple fragmentation methods and different derivatization methods, as well as getting aid from Edman degradation [104], until they were successful [105].…”

Section: Applicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Algorithms for thede novosequencing of peptides from tandem mass spectra

Allmer¹

2011

Expert Review of Proteomics

110

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Proteomics is the study of the proteins, their time and location dependent expression profiles as well as their modifications and interactions. Mass spectrometry is useful to investigate many of the questions asked in proteomics. Typically database search methods are employed to identify proteins from complex mixtures. However, often databases are not available or despite their availability some sequences are not readily found therein. To overcome this problem de novo sequencing can be used to directly assign a peptide sequence to an MS/MS spectrum. Many algorithms have been proposed for de novo sequencing and a selection of them is detailed in this review. Although a standard accuracy measure has not been agreed upon in the field, relative algorithm performance is discussed. The current state of the de novo sequencing is assessed thereafter and finally, examples are used to construct possible future perspectives of the field. Running title:De novo sequencing of MS/MS spectra

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Isolation, purification and de novo sequencing of TBD‐1, the first beta‐defensin from leukocytes of reptiles

Cited by 36 publications

References 28 publications

Understanding the vertebrate immune system: insights from the reptilian perspective

Understanding the vertebrate immune system: insights from the reptilian perspective

Vipericidins, Snake Venom Cathelicidin-Related Peptides, in the Milieu of Reptilian Antimicrobial Polypeptides

Algorithms for thede novosequencing of peptides from tandem mass spectra

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