Isomer specific determination of hexachlorodioxins in technical pentachlorophenol (PCP) and its sodium salt

Miles, Walter F.; Singh, Joginder; Gurprasad, Narine P.; Malis, Greg P.

doi:10.1016/0045-6535(85)90192-4

Cited by 15 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Since additional OCDD from a pulp mill source is not required, and since the dioxin profile at TC-1 does not match in timing with the 2,3,7,8-TCDF profile, we conclude that pulp mill effluent has been a relatively unimportant source for the OCDD in this core. However, pulp mills have used wood chips treated with chlorophenol (CP), which contains traces of CDDs and CDFs (3,41,42). Washing additives and defoamers may also add contaminants or their precursors (43).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Krahn et al (48) estimated ~85 kg/yr CP is lost into Howe Sound through runoff from lumber treatment facilities. Assuming CP to contain 200-1700 jug/g (12,42,49), OCDD from this source would amount to about 0.017-0.14 kg/yr. Similar calculations for Burrard Inlet near Vancouver (523 kg/yr CP) and the Fraser River (916 kg/yr CP) yields a maximum total flux of about 0.3-3 kg/yr OCDD to the straits.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A history of octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran, and 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl contamination in Howe Sound, British Columbia

Macdonald¹,

Cretney²,

Crewe³

et al. 1992

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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9 Sielicki, M.; Focht, D. D.; Martin, J. P. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 1978, 35, 124-128. (8) Baggi, G.; Boga, M. M.; Catelani, D.; Galli, E.; Treccani, V. Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 1983, 4, 141-147. (9) Hartmans, S.; van der Werf, M. J.; de Bont, J. A. M. Appl.ii Six pulp mills using chlorine bleach discharge effluent into the Strait of Georgia, British Columbia. Fisheries were closed around the mills when dioxins and furans were measured in sediments and edible seafood. We report here the first measurements made for a dioxin (OCDD), a furan (2,3,7,8-TCDF), and a PCB (77) on three dated box cores collected from the region. OCDD is widely distributed, first appears in the sediments in -1940, reaches a maximum in 1970, and probably has an atmospheric source. In contrast, 2,3,7,8-TCDF is concentrated near pulp mills and has been accumulating in the sediments since -1965. PCB 77 correlates well with OCDD and is probably supplied from the atmosphere.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A history of octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran, and 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl contamination in Howe Sound, British Columbia

Macdonald¹,

Cretney²,

Crewe³

et al. 1992

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…Since the highly chlorinated PCDD/Fs dominate profiles for most background soil samples, their route of entry into the lake probably includes soil erosion in the drainage basin. PolyCPs contain highly chlorinated dioxin and furan impurities (4,20,34,35) and therefore are potentially another important source of group III congeners that could enter the environment either directly through poorly-controlled use of polyCPs or indirectly through combustion or weathering of treated materials. The spread of the group III variables (Figure 2) implies a relatively large range in source characteristics or that more than one source contributes to group III.…”

Section: Figure 2 Pca Variable Loadings Plot For the First Three Pcs ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Historical Inputs of PCDDs, PCDFs, and PCBs to a British Columbia Interior Lake: The Effect of Environmental Controls on Pulp Mill Emissions

Macdonald

Ikonomou

Paton

1998

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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A sediment core collected from Kamloops Lake, British Columbia, was used to assess historical inputs of polychlorinated dioxin and furans (PCDD/Fs) from a pulp mill and the effects of recent environmental controls. Principal components analysis reveals that four groups of compounds can be found in the sediments: moderately chlorinated PCDD/Fs produced during the bleaching of pulp with chlorine (e.g., TCDF); PCDD/Fs that have been produced by condensation of polychlorinated phenoxyphenol contaminants during pulping (e.g., HxCDDs); highly chlorinated PCDD/ Fs that are derived from mixed sources (e.g., OCDD); and a series of PCBs that are probably derived from mixed sources. Strong correlations of CB13, CB15, and CB37 with the moderately chlorinated PCDD/Fs suggest that these PCBs have been produced in-situ by the pulp mill. In particular, CB15 is found in quantities rivaling those of total TCDF. In the 1930s-1950s, sediments exhibit minor contamination by the PCBs and higher chlorinated dioxins and furans. With the construction of the mill in 1965, large quantities of HxCDD and the tetra-chlorinated PCDD/Fs were released. Technological changes at the pulp mill have effected a drastic reduction in pulp mill PCDD/Fs in the 1990s.

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“…Οι PCDD και PCDF δεν έχουν παραχθεί ποτέ για εμπορικούς παρά μόνο για ερευνητικούς σκοπούς, παρόλα αυτά έχουν ανιχνευθεί σε πολλά σημεία του πλανήτη. Συνήθως ανιχνεύονται σαν παραπροϊόντα σύνθεσης των χλωροφαινολών και των φυτοφαρμάκων που συνδέονται με αυτές [Miles et al, 1985και Jiang et al, 1992. Έτσι ανιχνεύονται πολύ συχνά στην ατμόσφαιρα, στο έδαφος και στα νερά των περιοχών που χρησιμοποιούνται οι χλωροφαινόλες [McKee et al, 1990και Safe et al, 1992.…”

Section: 15unclassified

Μελετη Της Προσροφησης Των Χλωροφαινολων Σε Εδαφη Και Νεα Προσροφητικα Υλικα Για Την Απομακρυνση Τους Απο Υδατικα Διαλυματα

Δανησ¹

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Θέμα: "Απόφαση επταμελούς εξεταστικής επιτροπής ενώπιον της οποίας ο κ. Θεοχάρης Γ. Δάνης υποστήριξε την διδακτορική του διατριβή." Σήμερα 27 Οκτωβρίου 1995 και ώρα 19.00 έγινε δημόσια παρουσίαση της διδακτορικής διατριβής με θέμα "Μελέτη της προσρόφησης των χλωροφαινολών σε εδάφη και νέα προσροφητικά υλικά για την απομάκρυνση τους από υδατικά διαλύματα" από τον υποψήφιο διδάκτορα κ. Θεοχάρη Δάνη. Η παρουσίαση έλαβε χώρα ενώπιον της κατά τον νόμο επταμελούς εξεταστικής επιτροπής στην αίθουσα σεμιναρίων (Χ3-230) του Τμήματος Χημείας, παρουσία ακροατηρίου. Ο κ. Θ. Δάνης ανέπτυξε επί μια ώρα τα κυριότερα αποτελέσματα της διατριβής του. Ακολούθως ο υποψήφιος απάντησε σε σειρά ερωτημάτων του ακροατηρίου καθώς και σε ερωτήματα της εξεταστικής επιτροπής. Κατόπιν αποχώρησε ο υποψήφιος και το ακροατήριο και ακολούθησε σύσκεψη μεταξύ των μελών της εξεταστικής επιτροπής. Η επταμελής επιτροπή ενέκρινε τη διατριβή με βαθμό άριστα και αποφάσισε την απονομή του Τίτλου του Διδάκτορα στον κ. Θεοχάρη Δάνη από το Τμήμα Χημείας του Πανεπιστημίου Ιωαννίνων.

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Isomer specific determination of hexachlorodioxins in technical pentachlorophenol (PCP) and its sodium salt

Cited by 15 publications

References 4 publications

A history of octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran, and 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl contamination in Howe Sound, British Columbia

A history of octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran, and 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl contamination in Howe Sound, British Columbia

Historical Inputs of PCDDs, PCDFs, and PCBs to a British Columbia Interior Lake: The Effect of Environmental Controls on Pulp Mill Emissions

Μελετη Της Προσροφησης Των Χλωροφαινολων Σε Εδαφη Και Νεα Προσροφητικα Υλικα Για Την Απομακρυνση Τους Απο Υδατικα Διαλυματα

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