Isomer-Specific Polychlorinated Biphenyl Determination in Cetaceans From the Mediterranean Sea: Enantioselective Occurrence of Chiral Polychlorinated Biphenyl Congeners

Jiménez, O.; Jiménez, Begoña; Gonzalez, Maria J.

doi:10.1897/1551-5028(2000)019<2653:ispbdi>2.0.co;2

Cited by 7 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“… a Kasuya and Izumizawa (1981), b Amano and Miyazaki 2004, c Ross 1984, d Marsili and Focardi 1997, e Storelli et al 1999, f Jiménez et al 2000, g Frodello et al 2000, h Shoham‐Frider et al 2002, i Zucca et al . 2004, j Blanco et al 2006, k Leatherwood et al 1980, l Kruse 1989. …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights from life history traits of Risso's dolphins (Grampus griseus) in Taiwanese waters: Shorter body length characterizes northwest Pacific population

Chen

Watson

Chou

2010

Marine Mammal Science

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Risso's dolphins (Grampus griseus) are widely distributed throughout temperate to tropical pelagic waters of the world and are one of the most frequently encountered cetaceans in eastern Taiwanese coastal waters. Because their life history is poorly known, the goal of this study was to investigate the relationship between age, body length, and sexual maturity of Risso's dolphins in Taiwanese waters. Ninety‐two carcasses of dead‐stranded or fisheries bycaught dolphins (1994–2008) were measured and dissected (total body length, TBL 125–290 cm); sexual maturity was assessed in 33 dolphins; and age was estimated by counting dentinal growth layer groups in routine histologically prepared tooth sections of 28 dolphins. Sexual dimorphism in TBL was not detected. The onset of sexual maturity occurred at 240–255 cm in females and 253–265 cm in males, which was at about 10 yr of age for both sexes. Our stranding, bycatch, and previous boat survey records suggest that Risso's dolphins occur year‐round and likely have a summer‐fall calving season in Taiwanese waters. The similar life history parameters and calving season in dolphins from Taiwanese and Japanese waters suggest a common population in the northwest Pacific, which has a noticeably shorter body length than in other regions.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights from life history traits of Risso's dolphins (Grampus griseus) in Taiwanese waters: Shorter body length characterizes northwest Pacific population

Chen

Watson

Chou

2010

Marine Mammal Science

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“…These studies were performed either in the laboratory or by analyzing environmental samples. PCB 136 was racemic or near racemic in the freshwater invertebrate Mysis relicta, 21 but also in liver samples from cetaceans from the Mediterranean sea, 25,26 in groupers from the northwest African Atlantic ocean, 20 and in liver and blubber samples from bowhead whale. 24 Similar to this study, an enrichment of (þ)-PCB 136 was observed in eggs from predatory birds in Spain 15 and in arctic char (Salvelinus aplinus), 18 whereas (À)-PCB 136 was enriched in rainbow trout.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…PCB 136 was selected for this study not only because it was a typical representative of a chiral PCB congener, but also because it has been identified as a highly neurotoxic PCB congener 6 and is of environmental relevance. 15,20,[24][25][26] In addition, the general toxicity 45,46 and the disposition 47,48 of PCB 136 are well investigated. A Vanilla Wafer cookie containing PCB 136 was chosen as the vehicle for the oral administration to simulate human exposure via the diet as closely as possible.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…13,14 Enantiomeric enrichment of several chiral PCB congeners has been reported in bird eggs, 15 fish, [16][17][18][19][20] invertebrates, 21,22 and several marine mammal species. [23][24][25][26] This enantiomeric enrichment of chiral PCBs, in some of these species, suggests that humans can be exposed episodi-cally to enantiomerically enriched PCB mixtures via the diet. There is also evidence of enantiomeric enrichment of PCBs in humans.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enantioselective disposition of PCB 136 (2,2′,3,3′,6,6′‐hexachlorobiphenyl) in C57BL/6 mice after oral and intraperitoneal administration

et al. 2006

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Studies of xenobiotic disposition in rodents often employ experimental designs using differing routes of administration. In an effort to investigate the effects of route of administration on enantioselective disposition of xenobiotics, a chiral polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB), racemic PCB 136, was administered as a single dose (50 mg/kg body weight) to male or female C57BL/6 mice either orally or via intraperitoneal injection. Mice were sacrificed after either 3 or 6 days, and blood and organs were collected for PCB analysis. Intraperitoneal injection of PCB 136 produced statistically higher PCB levels in blood and organs than did the oral administration. Tissue levels were higher after 3 days than those after 6 days. Enantioselective analysis showed that (+)-PCB 136 was enriched in most organs, with the most pronounced enrichment found in the liver and the brain of animals dosed orally or by intraperitoneal injection, respectively. Significantly higher retained enantiomeric fractions of PCB 136 were found in the oral treatment groups compared with those found in intraperitoneal treatment groups, possibly as a result of the lower PCB levels in oral treatment groups. Therefore, the choice of administration route may well have implications for the enantioselective disposition of PCB 136 and other chiral substances.

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“…A comparable enantiomeric enrichment, with atropisomer ratios of 2:1 to 4.5:1, has been reported for a limited number of human samples [4,5]. Interestingly, environmental samples can show a much more pronounced enantiomeric enrichment, with atropisomer ratios as high as 6:1 to 9:1 in some species [13–20], whereas no enantiomeric enrichment is noted in other species [13,14,16,21,22]. Currently, it is difficult to explain these differences in the enantiomeric enrichment of PCBs in different species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Dose‐dependent enantiomeric enrichment of 2,2′,3,3′,6,6′‐hexachlorobiphenyl in female mice

Kania-Korwel

Hornbuckle

Robertson

et al. 2008

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Nineteen of the 209 possible polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners are chiral and stable to racemization at ambient temperature. Chiral PCB congeners are important components of technical and environmental PCB mixtures, and some are highly toxic. Both environmental and laboratory studies have shown that these chiral PCB congeners undergo enantiomeric enrichment in many species; however, the processes and factors influencing the extent of this enantiomeric enrichment are poorly understood. We hypothesized that the exposure levels are an important factor affecting the extent of enantiomeric enrichment. To test this hypothesis, we investigated the levels and enantiomeric fractions of (+/-)-PCB 136 in selected tissues, feces, and urine of female C57Bl/6 mice 3 d after oral administration of 2.5, 10, or 50 mg/kg body weight of (+/-)-PCB 136. The PCB 136 tissue levels typically increased with increasing dose. The extent of the enrichment of (+)-PCB 136 in tissues and feces, however, decreased with increasing dose, an observation that suggests a saturation of the disposition process responsible for the enantiomeric enrichment. Overall, the present study demonstrates that in addition to species, exposure source, exposure frequency, and other factors, levels of PCB exposure are an important determinant of the enantiomeric enrichment of PCBs in mice and, most likely, other species.

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Isomer-Specific Polychlorinated Biphenyl Determination in Cetaceans From the Mediterranean Sea: Enantioselective Occurrence of Chiral Polychlorinated Biphenyl Congeners

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Insights from life history traits of Risso's dolphins (Grampus griseus) in Taiwanese waters: Shorter body length characterizes northwest Pacific population

Insights from life history traits of Risso's dolphins (Grampus griseus) in Taiwanese waters: Shorter body length characterizes northwest Pacific population

Enantioselective disposition of PCB 136 (2,2′,3,3′,6,6′‐hexachlorobiphenyl) in C57BL/6 mice after oral and intraperitoneal administration

Dose‐dependent enantiomeric enrichment of 2,2′,3,3′,6,6′‐hexachlorobiphenyl in female mice

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