Isomerisasi Polimer Melalui Reaksi Sain Sayef Untuk Mengubah Konfigurasi HTPB (Hydroxyl Terminated Polybutadiene)  Polymer Isomerization by Sain Sayef Reaction to Modify Configuration of HTPB (Hydroxyl Terminated Polybutadiene)

Wibowo, Hadi

doi:10.30536/j.jtd.2016.v14.a2387

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Ten milliliters of the sample solution was poured into the cuvet and analyzed with infrared spectroscopy. The infrared absorption peaks at wavelengths of 2270 cm −1 (the specific absorption for isocyanate groups) [ 38 , 39 , 40 ] and 1768 cm −1 (the specific absorption for N=N groups) [ 34 , 35 ] were taken as a reference. The slurry was stirred vigorously, and then the ethyl acetate was removed by vacuum drying at 50 °C for one hour.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hexogen Coating Kinetics with Polyurethane-Based Hydroxyl-Terminated Polybutadiene (HTPB) Using Infrared Spectroscopy

et al. 2022

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The kinetics of hexogen coating with polyurethane-based hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) using infrared spectrometry was investigated. The kinetics model was evaluated through reaction steps: (1) hydroxyl and isocyanate to produce urethane, (2) urethane and isocyanate to produce allophanate, and (3) nitro and isocyanate to produce diazene oxide and carbon dioxide. HTPB, ethyl acetate, TDI (toluene diisocyanate), and hexogen were mixed for 60 min at 40 °C. The sample was withdrawn and analyzed with infrared spectroscopy every ten minutes at reference wavelengths of 2270 (the specific absorption for isocyanate groups) and 1768 cm−1 (the specific absorption for N=N groups). The solvent was vaporized; then, the coated hexogen was cured in the oven for 7 days at 60 °C. The effect of temperature on the coating kinetics was studied by adjusting the reaction temperature at 40, 50, and 60 °C. This procedure was repeated with IPDI (isophorone diisocyanate) as a curing agent. The reaction rate constant, k3, was calculated from an independent graphic based on increasing diazene oxide concentration every ten minutes. The reaction rate constants, k1 and k2, were numerically calculated using the Newton–Raphson and Runge–Kutta methods based on decreasing isocyanate concentrations. The activation energy of those steps was 1178, 1021, and 912 kJ mole−1. The reaction rate of hexogen coating with IPDI was slightly faster than with TDI.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hexogen Coating Kinetics with Polyurethane-Based Hydroxyl-Terminated Polybutadiene (HTPB) Using Infrared Spectroscopy

et al. 2022

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“…Polyurethane curing kinetics has been extensively studied using various methods such as infrared spectroscopy, NMR, viscosity, and heat release measurements [12][13][14][15][16]. Among these, infrared spectroscopy stands out as the simplest, most accurate, rapid, and cost-effective method for evaluating this kinetic model.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diffusion Effect on Octogen Coating-Curing Kinetics with Polyurethane Using Infrared Spectroscopy

Wibowo,

Sitompul,

Budiman

et al. 2023

Coatings

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The kinetic analysis of octogen coating with a polyurethane base containing hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) was investigated using infrared spectroscopy. The coating process involved a solvent method, where octogen and liquid polyurethane were mixed, the solvent was evaporated, and curing took place at an elevated temperature. The ratio of HTPB to diisocyanate was equimolar. About 200 g octogen was coated with mixture of 2 mL HTPB, 50 mL ethyl acetate, and 0.2 mL TDI in the glass beaker at 30 °C for 1 h. The filtrated ethyl acetate was then evaporated, and the residue was dried in a vacuum oven for 15 min at 30 °C. The resulting film-coated octogen was cast into a KBr pellet and cured in the oven for 7 days at 40 °C, then infrared-analyzed every hour during the curing process. After curing, the shape of the coated octogen particles was analyzed using SEM Initially, the curing process occurred in the solvent system, followed by further curing in the bulk system. The kinetic analysis was performed using a modified diffusion-autocatalytic model, which includes noncatalytic, autocatalytic, and diffusion components. This model was compared with others during the bulk reaction and proved to be effective in correcting errors, particularly in the gel time region. Thermodynamic parameters were evaluated using the Arrhenius and Eyring equations. The reaction rate was initially controlled by chemical reactivity, but after the gel time, diffusion became the controlling factor. In the HTPB-TDI system, both the noncatalytic and autocatalytic parts decreased with increasing temperature, while diffusivity increased. It is worth noting that diffusivity is temperature-dependent. Different di-isocyanates, namely toluene diisocyanate (TDI), iso-phorone diisocyanate (IPDI), and hexamethylene diisocyanate (HMDI), were studied, revealing that HMDI exhibited higher reactivity than TDI and IPDI. The catalyst effect on reaction rate of the HTPB-TDI system was investigated. The addition of catalysts (0.1%) to the HTPB-TDI system decreased their activation energy in the order DBTL > FeAA > TPB. Catalysts did not change their diffusivity.

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Rapid analysis of HTPB (hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene) properties with infrared spectroscopy and gel chromatography

Wibowo

Dharmawan

Saeri

et al. 2020

AIP Conference Proceedings

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Isomerisasi Polimer Melalui Reaksi Sain Sayef Untuk Mengubah Konfigurasi HTPB (Hydroxyl Terminated Polybutadiene) Polymer Isomerization by Sain Sayef Reaction to Modify Configuration of HTPB (Hydroxyl Terminated Polybutadiene)

Cited by 6 publications

References 1 publication

Hexogen Coating Kinetics with Polyurethane-Based Hydroxyl-Terminated Polybutadiene (HTPB) Using Infrared Spectroscopy

Hexogen Coating Kinetics with Polyurethane-Based Hydroxyl-Terminated Polybutadiene (HTPB) Using Infrared Spectroscopy

Diffusion Effect on Octogen Coating-Curing Kinetics with Polyurethane Using Infrared Spectroscopy

Rapid analysis of HTPB (hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene) properties with infrared spectroscopy and gel chromatography

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