ISOMERIZATION ACCOMPANYING ALKYLATION. II. THE ALKYLATION OF BENZENE WITH OLEFINS, NAPHTHENES, ALCOHOLS AND ALKYL HALIDES¹

Transformations of Carbocycles

“…One example is the alkylation of neat benzene by Ipatieff (1940) with H-chloropropane in the presence of AICI3 catalyst, where a 1.5:1 selectivity is observed in favor of w-propyl (1) over /-propylbenzene (2) at -6 °C; whereas, the reverse is true at 35 °C. 26 …”

The Alkylation of Aromatic Compounds With Olefins

“…Table 475 gives an idea of the procedure when sulphuric acid is used as catalyst. Consumption of acid in kg per kg alkylate [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] Molar ratio of benzene to propene tetramer 3-5:1 Residence time, in hours 1 Ratio of acid to hydrocarbon 1:1 Oil-soluble high-molecular-weight salts of alkylarylsulphonates are used extensively as additives to motor lubricating oils. They are made from suitable lubricating oil fractions by sulphonation with oleum or "Sulfan".…”

“…Thus, according to the investigations of IPATIEFF et al [14], isomerization of the alkyl group takes place if the alkylation is performed with olefins or alcohols in the presence of sulphuric acid. On the other hand, it is absent when aluminium chloride is used as the alkylating agent.…”

Theory and Practice of Alkyl Aromatic Hydrocarbon Synthesis. 1. Branched Alkylbenzenes

“…• H 2 SO 4 : with 2-methyl-2-butene, 6,7 3-methyl-1-butene, 4 any of three branched pentenes at 0°C, 2 neopentyl alcohol; 1…”