Isomerization of n-butane over Pd–SO4/ZrO2 catalyst: Prospects for commercial application

Urzhuntsev, G. A.; Овчинникова, Е. В.; Чумаченко, В. А.; Yashnik, S. A.; Zaikovsky, V. I.; Echevsky, G.V.

doi:10.1016/j.cej.2013.08.092

Cited by 33 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 21 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This is supported by the XPS results reported by Manoli et al that the Pt was in a mixture of the oxidation state and metallic form . Moreover, it was reported that the Pd 0 and Pd + coexisted on the reduced Pd/SZ surface . The above different results from different studies may be derived from the different storage and test conditions because the metallic platinum is easily oxidized into its oxidation state …”

Section: Strategies For Improving N‐alkane Isomerization Activity Ovesupporting

confidence: 58%

“…. In further CO adsorbed FTIR investigations, Urzhuntsev et al confirmed that Pd 2+ was easily reduced to Pd 0 and Pd + species under H 2 at 150°C . The TPR profiles of unmodified SZ samples displayed only one peak, starting near 550°C and peaking at 670°C .…”

Section: Strategies For Improving N‐alkane Isomerization Activity Ovementioning

confidence: 96%

“…Equilibrium conversions of C 4 ‐C 6 n ‐alkane to iso‐alkanes. Reprinted with permission from Urzhuntsev et al [Colour figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com]…”

Section: Why Sulfated Zirconia?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Those catalysts are active within the reaction temperature ranging from 100°C to 200°C are considered to be the most applicable for C 4 ‐C 6 isomerization . From this point, the zeolite catalysts are thermodynamically less favorable in n ‐alkane isomerization despite that there are many attempts made on them.…”

Section: Why Sulfated Zirconia?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One is the hydroisomerization over a Pt/Pd‐promoted SZ catalyst in fixed‐bed reactor, much similar to the current process with Pt/Cl‐Al 2 O 3 catalysts. Adiabatic heat rise of n ‐butane isomerization is approximately 20°C, making it possible to conduct the isomerization process in a tubular fixed‐bed reactor . The technological applications based on the Pt/SZ catalysts include Isomalk processes (Isomalk‐2 for C 5 /C 6 and Isomalk‐3 for C 4 ) developed by JSC SIE Neftehim and Par‐Isom process developed by UOP.…”

Section: Application Prospects Of N‐alkane Isomerization Over Sz Catamentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Alkane isomerization over sulfated zirconia solid acid system

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Summary Sulfated zirconia (SZ) and its modified versions attract great interest in recent years, because of their promising potential in n‐alkane isomerization. The oxidative and protonation routes are active and interactional in n‐alkane activation over SZ catalysts. The bimolecular reaction becomes dominant with increasing the density of active sites on SZ surface and decreasing the carbon chain of feed. Pentane and hexane are mainly isomerized by protonated cyclopropane mechanism, while which is thermodynamically unflavored for n‐butane isomerization. The deactivation of SZ catalysts is primarily caused by the loss of superacidity and oxidizing ability, resulted from the structure changes of sulfate species. Several strategies for improving the activity of SZ are reviewed. The intrinsic structure‐reactivity relationship of SZ catalysts in alkane isomerization is updated to illuminate the prerequisite for the highly active catalysts and the mechanism of active sites formation. The applications of Pt/SZ in fixed‐bed and unmodified SZ in circulating fluidizing bed in light alkanes isomerization are compared with the conventional technologies based on the chlorinated alumina catalysts. Finally, the future study of SZ catalysts is outlooked from the academic investigations to the industrial applications.

show abstract

Section: Strategies For Improving N‐alkane Isomerization Activity Ovesupporting

confidence: 58%

Section: Strategies For Improving N‐alkane Isomerization Activity Ovementioning

confidence: 96%

“…Equilibrium conversions of C 4 ‐C 6 n ‐alkane to iso‐alkanes. Reprinted with permission from Urzhuntsev et al [Colour figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com]…”

Section: Why Sulfated Zirconia?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Why Sulfated Zirconia?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Application Prospects Of N‐alkane Isomerization Over Sz Catamentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations