Isomerization of Saturated Hydrocarbons in Presence of Hydrogenation-Cracking Catalysts: Normal Hexane

Catalysis in the Upgrading of Fischer–Tropsch Syncrude

“…Some of the studies originated more than 50 years ago. [214][215][216][217][218][219][220][221][222] Essential information can also be found in several textbooks. Because the focus of this review is on upgrading of the primary products from FTS, only a cursory account of the mechanism, as it applies to IS/HIS, is given.…”

Technical and economical evaluation of a zeolite membrane based heptane hydroisomerization process

“…The catalyst used must be a moderate to weak acidic bifunctional type so that cracking of dibranched components is not enhanced while the formation of 2,2,3-TMB is promoted. Examples of catalysts for the first and second reactor are platinum loaded hydrogen-beta zeolite (Pt/H-BEA) type, which can have relatively high conversion and selectivity towards isomerization and less cracking [3], and nickel loaded on high area silica-alumina (Ni/ASA) type [9], respectively. The separation unit is used to separate the final product of the process composed of the dibranched 2,2-DMP, 3,3-DMP and tribranched 2,2,3-TMB, from smaller components, especially 2,4-DMP that is send to the second reactor.…”

“…Within an overall refinery process, the lighter and heavier hydrocarbons separated in the distillation columns, could be used in state of the art C 5 /C 6 hydroisomerization process and the reforming process, respectively. Experimental data from [3] and [9] were used as a basis to obtain kinetic data. For hydroisomerization a first order reaction rate was assumed.…”

Study of Impregnated Chromia on Alumina Catalysts with an Electron Probe Microanalyzer

“…Preparations of nickel on silica-alumina (Ciapetta and Hunter, 1953) and chromia on alumina (Ciapetta aiid Plank, 1953) have been reported. The same sequence may be repeated one or more times.…”