Isoniazid: A Review of Characteristics, Properties and Analytical Methods

Abstract

Isoniazid is a synthetic antimicrobial and one of the most important first-line drugs used in the treatment of tuberculosis. Since it was introduced in the therapy in 1952, the drug remains at the front line of the antituberculosis treatment mainly due to its potency and high selectivity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Pharmaceutical analysis and therapeutic drug monitoring of isoniazid in both, pharmaceuticals and biological samples, plays an important role to comprehend aspects regarding to bioavailability, bioequivalence and therapeutic monitoring during patients following-up. In the last case, validated and simple methods are extremely useful for Public Healthy in order to guarantee the drug efficacy, safety and reduce the tuberculosis resistance. Among the available analytical tools, HPLC-based methods coupled to ultraviolet or mass spectroscopy are the most widely used techniques to quantify isoniazid. Therefore, this review highlights the main analytical methods reported in the literature for determination of isoniazid focusing in HPLC-based methods.

Severe psoriasis entering remission after treatment for latent tuberculosis with isoniazid: Report of two cases

“…Isoniazid is one of the most important drugs used in tuberculosis treatment. By inhibiting the biosynthesis of mycolic acids, it has bactericidal effect against rapidly multiplying mycobacteria, with limited action in latent mycobacteria and being largely ineffective against other species of microorganisms …”

“…By inhibiting the biosynthesis of mycolic acids, it has bactericidal effect against rapidly multiplying mycobacteria, with limited action in latent mycobacteria and being largely ineffective against other species of microorganisms. 9 To date, only two cases of moderate to severe psoriasis with complete clinical response whilst being treated exclusively with isoniazid have been described in the English-language published work (Table 1). 10,11 The underlying mechanism for this phenomenon is unknown.…”

Trace determination of isoniazid at micro level using kinetic spectrophotometric method

“…In addition to above mentioned techniques, some indirect approaches have also been reported for determination of INH such as designation of an optical sensor by Safavi and Bagheri. 27 Recently,analytical methods for isoniazid determination has been reviewed. 28 Many of the methods reported above require expensive and hazardous chemicals and involves sophisticated instrumental techniques.…”

Discovery of novel N-methyl carbazole tethered rhodanine derivatives as direct inhibitors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis InhA

“…For active TB, these drugs are generally used along with rifampin, pyrazinamide and either ethambutol or streptomycin, whereas for latent TB, INH is used alone. 4,5 Few reports have also mentioned the use of INH against other types of mycobacteria like M. kansasii, M.…”