The Historical Development of the Isopiestic Method and Its Applications to Aqueous Systems Bousfield first described the isopiestic method on 12 December 1917 at a meeting of the Faraday Society and his results were subsequently published in the Transactions of the Faraday Society [1]. In its initial application, Bousfield studied the water vapor pressures required to begin hydrating and then dissolving initially dry samples of NaCl, KCl, and KNO 3 , thus yielding the vapor pressure and consequently the water activities of their saturated solutions at 291 K. Solutions of LiCl(aq) were also present during the experiments and were used as standard solutions for determining the vapor pressure of water. Bousfield's apparatus consisted of a Hempel desiccator containing a tin stand with four glass dishes to hold the salt samples. The total amount of water in the system was controlled by adding a little water or desiccant to the desiccator's lid at the start of an experiment. Sinclair [2] recognized the potential of the isopiestic method for determining accurate water vapor pressures of unsaturated aqueous solutions, provided that stirring of the solutions occurred and the solutions were put into good thermal contact to ensure that the temperature was highly uniform among them while being simultaneously equilibrated in the desiccator. Sinclair replaced Bousfield's glass dishes with silver-plated copper dishes to hold the solution samples and placed them together on a 2.5 cm thick silver-plated copper block to provide good thermal conductivity, removed most of the air from the desiccator using a water aspirator, and rocked the desiccator back and forth inside a constant temperature bath to mix the solutions and thus eliminate the concentration gradients that built up as water was exchanged among solutions through their common vapor space. These changes led to a major improvement in the precision and accuracy of the experimental results and reduction of the time necessary to achieve thermodynamic equilibrium. However, no individual caps were provided to cover the dishes when they were removed from the desiccator for weighing and, as noted by Sinclair, solvent losses of up to several milligrams may have occurred before the final weighings. This was the most significant remaining source of experimental error because the masses of the solutions are needed for This review is dedicated to the maestro of high-temperature isopiestic measurements, Dr. Howard F. Holmes, who died 22 March 2013 at age 81.