Isospin Dependence of the Balance Energy

Pak, R.; Li, Bao An; Benenson, W.; Bjarki, O.; Brown, J.; Hannuschke, S.; Lacey, R.; Magestro, D.; Nadasen, A.; Norbeck, E.; Russ, D.; Steiner, M.; Stone, N. T. B.; Molen, A. M. Vander; Westfall, G. D.; Liu, Yang; Yennello, S. J.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.78.1026

Cited by 106 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Furthermore, the so-called balance energy where the transverse flow changes sign should also be sensitive to the isospin asymmetry of the reaction system. These predictions were soon verified by experiments carried out by Pak et al at NSCL/MSU [549,550]. One normally measures the strength of the transverse flow using the flow parameter F defined as the slope of the transverse momentum distribution at the center of mass rapidity y cm .…”

Section: Isospin Dependence Of Nucleon Transverse Elliptical and Radmentioning

confidence: 74%

Recent progress and new challenges in isospin physics with heavy-ion reactions

2008

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The ultimate goal of studying isospin physics via heavy-ion reactions with neutron-rich, stable and/or radioactive nuclei is to explore the isospin dependence of in-medium nuclear effective interactions and the equation of state of neutron-rich nuclear matter, particularly the isospin-dependent term in the equation of state, i.e., the density dependence of the symmetry energy. Because of its great importance for understanding many phenomena in both nuclear physics and astrophysics, the study of the density dependence of the nuclear symmetry energy has been the main focus of the intermediate-energy heavy-ion physics community during the last decade, and significant progress has been achieved both experimentally and theoretically. In particular, a number of phenomena or observables have been identified as sensitive probes to the density dependence of the nuclear symmetry energy. Experimental studies have confirmed some of these interesting isospin-dependent effects and allowed us to constrain relatively stringently the symmetry energy at sub-saturation densities. The impacts of this constrained density dependence of the symmetry energy on the properties of neutron stars have also been studied, and they were found to be very useful for the astrophysical community. With new opportunities provided by the various radioactive beam facilities being constructed around the world, the study of isospin physics is expected to remain one of the forefront research areas in nuclear physics. In this report, we review the major progress achieved during the last decade in isospin physics with heavy ion reactions and discuss future challenges to the most important issues in this field.Key words: Equation of state of asymmetric nuclear matter, Nuclear symmetry energy, Heavy-ion reactions with neutron-rich nuclei, Neutron skin thickness of heavy nuclei, Neutron stars Constraining the Skyrme effective interactions and the neutron skin thickness of heavy nuclei using terrestrial nuclear laboratory data 216 8

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Section: Isospin Dependence Of Nucleon Transverse Elliptical and Radmentioning

confidence: 74%

Recent progress and new challenges in isospin physics with heavy-ion reactions

2008

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“…Isospin effects of various physical phenomena, such as multifragmentation, collective flow, preequilibrium nucleon emission, etc., have been reported [1,8,9,10,11,12,13,14]. These studies have shown that isospin effect exists in nuclear reactions induced by exotic nuclei but it may disappear under some conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Isospin dependence of projectile-like fragment production at intermediate energies

Wei

Wang

et al. 2009

Phys. Rev. C

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Ni are compared and the isospin dependence of the projectile fragmentation is studied. It is found that the isospin dependence decreases and disappears in the central collisions. The shapes of the fragment isotopic and isotonic cross section distributions are found to be very similar for symmetric projectile nuclei. The shapes of the fragment isotopic and isotonic distributions of different asymmetric projectiles produced in peripheral reactions are found very similar. The similarity of the distributions are related to the similar proton and neutron density distributions inside the nucleus in framework of the SAA model.

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“…The rapid advance in nuclear reactions using rare isotopes has opened up several new frontiers in nuclear science [1,2,3,4,5,6]. In particular, the intermediate energy heavy rare isotopes currently available at National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory (NSCL/MSU) and the future new facilities RIA in USA and SIS-200 at GSI in Germany provide a unique opportunity to explore novel properties of dense neutron-rich matter that was not in reach in terrestrial laboratories before.…”

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confidence: 99%

Density and temperature dependence of nucleon-nucleon elastic cross section

Zhao

2004

Phys. Rev. C

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The in-medium neutron-proton, proton-proton (neutron-neutron) elastic scattering cross sections (σ * np , σ * pp(nn) ) are studied based on the effective Lagrangian of density dependent relativistic hadron theory in which the δ[a 0 (980)] meson is included. Our study shows that at low densities the σ * np is about 3 − 4 times larger than σ * pp(nn) and at densities higher than the normal density the isospin effect is almost washed out. Because of coupling to δ meson the σ * nn and σ * pp are different in isospin asymmetric medium following the splitting of the proton and neutron mass. The isospin effect on the density dependence of the in-medium nucleon elastic cross section is dominantly contributed by the isovector δ and ρ mesons. The temperature effect on the σ * np and σ * pp(nn) is studied. It is shown that the temperature effect is weaker compared with the density effect but it becomes obvious as density increases.

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Isospin Dependence of the Balance Energy

Cited by 106 publications

References 37 publications

Recent progress and new challenges in isospin physics with heavy-ion reactions

Recent progress and new challenges in isospin physics with heavy-ion reactions

Isospin dependence of projectile-like fragment production at intermediate energies

Density and temperature dependence of nucleon-nucleon elastic cross section

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