Isospin lattice gas model and liquid-gas phase transition in asymmetric nuclear matter

Ray, S.; Shamanna, J.; Kuo, T.T.S.

doi:10.1016/s0370-2693(96)01509-2

Cited by 31 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The lattice gas model was developed to describe the liquid-gas phase transition for atomic system by Lee and Yang [16]. The same model has already been applied to nuclear physics for isospin symmetrical systems in the grand-canonical ensemble [17] with a sampling of the canonical ensemble [18,19,20,21,22,23,24], and also for isospin asymmetrical nuclear matter in the mean field approximation [25]. Here we will make a brief description for the models.…”

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confidence: 99%

Isoscaling in the lattice gas model

Wang

Wei

et al. 2004

Phys. Rev. C

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The isoscaling behavior is investigated using the isotopic/isobaric yields from the equilibrated thermal source which is prepared by the lattice gas model (LGM) for lighter systems with A = 36. The isoscaling parameters α and -β are observed to drop with temperature for the LGM with the asymmetric nucleon-nucleon potential. However, the isoscaling parameters do not show temperature dependence for the LGM with the symmetric nucleon-nucleon potential. The relative neutron or proton density shows a nearly linear relation with the N/Z ( neutron to proton ratio ) of system. PACS numbers: 25.70.Pq, 24.10.Pa, 05.70.JkIsoscaling has been observed in a variety of reactions under the conditions of statistical emission and equal temperature recently by Tsang et al [1,2,3]. This kind of scaling means that the ratio R 21 (N,Z) of the yields of a given fragment (N,Z) exhibits an exponential dependence on N and Z when these fragments are produced in two reactions with different isospin asymmetry, but at the same temperature. Experimentally the isoscaling has been explored in various reaction mechanisms, ranging from the evaporation [1], fission [4,5] and deep inelastic reaction at low energies to the projectile fragmentation [6,7] and multi-fragmentation at intermediate energy [1,8,9]. While, the isoscaling has been extensively examined in different theoretical frameworks, ranging from dynamical model, such as Anti-symmetrical Molecular Dynamics model [10] and BUU model [8], to statistical models, such as Expansion Emission Source Model and statistical multi-fragmentation model [2,3,11,12]. From all these reaction mechanisms and models, it looks that isoscaling is a robust probe to relate with the symmetrical term of the nuclear equation of state.Typically, the investigations of isoscaling focused on yields of light fragments with Z=2-8 originating from deexcitation of massive hot systems produced using reactions of mass symmetric projectile and target at intermediate energies, such as 112,124 Sn + 112,124 Sn in Michigan State University (MSU) data [1,2,3] or by reactions of high-energy light particle with massive target nucleus [11,13]. In a recent article [6], the isoscaling using the heavy projectile residue from the reactions of 25 MeV/nucleon 86 Kr projectiles with 124 Sn, 112 Sn and 64 Ni, 58 Ni targets which was performed at Texas A&M University (TAMU) and the isoscaling phenomenon on the full sample of fragments emitted by the hot thermally equilibrated quasi-projectiles with mass A = 20-30 are also reported [7].

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confidence: 99%

Isoscaling in the lattice gas model

Wang

Wei

et al. 2004

Phys. Rev. C

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“…The lattice gas model was developed to describe the liquid-gas phase transition for atomic system by Lee and Yang [16]. The same model has already been applied to nuclear physics for isospin symmetrical systems in the grandcanonical ensemble [17] with a sampling of the canonical ensemble [3,4,18,19,20,21,22], and also for isospin asymmetrical nuclear matter in the mean field approximation [23]. In addition, a classical molecular dynamical model is used to compare its results with the results of lattice gas model.…”

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confidence: 99%

Application of Information Theory in Nuclear Liquid Gas Phase Transition

1999

Phys. Rev. Lett.

131

146

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Information entropy and Zipf's law in the field of information theory have been used for studying the disassembly of nuclei in the framework of the isospin dependent lattice gas model and molecular dynamical model. We found that the information entropy in the event space is maximum at the phase transition point and the mass of the cluster show exactly inversely to its rank, i.e. Zipf's law appears. Both novel criteria are useful in searching the nuclear liquid gas phase transition experimentally and theoretically. Hot nuclei can be formed in energetic heavy ion collisions (HIC) and may be highly excited. They deexcite by different decay modes, such as multifragmentation. Experimentally, this kind of multifragment emission was observed to evolve with beam energy (excitation energy, or nuclear temperature, ...). Multiplicity, N imf , of intermediate mass fragment (IMF) rises with the beam energy, reaches a maximum, and finally falls to lower value. This phenomenon of the rise and fall of N imf may be related to the liquid gas phase transition in nuclear matter [1]. The onset of multifragmentation probably indicates the coexistence of liquid and gas phases. The mass distribution of IMF distribution can be expressed as power law with parameter τ . The minimum of τ , τ min , occurs when the liquid gas phase transition takes place [2]. However, τ min can also reveal at supercritical densities along the Kertész line [3] and at some subcritical densities at lower temperature [4]. So it is not possible to determine the phase transition only from N imf and τ min .On the other hand, experimentalists measured the nuclear caloric curves, i.e. the relationship between nuclear temperature and the excitation energy. He-Li isotopic temperature from Albergo thermometer [5] for projectilelike Au spectators seems to exhibit a temperature plateau in the excitation energy range of 3 to 10 MeV/u [6]. This plateau was taken as an indication for a first order nuclear liquid gas phase transition. However, due to the changing mass of Au spectators with excitation energy and the side-feeding effect to measured He-Li isotopic temperature, this conclusion is questionable [7]. Nuclear caloric curves were also surveyed by several groups [8]. However, unfortunately, the sharp signature of liquid gas phase transition in macroscopic systems may be smoothed and blurred due to the small numbers of nucleons in nuclei, and/or the difficulty to perform a direct comparison between the measured "apparent" temperature and the "real" temperature interferes obtaining the real nuclear caloric curve. These factors hamper the * Present Address: Cyclotron Institute, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas 77801 reaching of a definite conclusion on liquid gas phase transition in nuclei.The extraction of critical exponents and the study of critical behavior in finite-size systems were attempted in [9] and were followed by controversial debates [10]. In this context, it is necessary and meaningful to search for some novel signatures to characterize the nuc...

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“…The isospin dependent lattice gas model (LGM) and the molecular dynamical (MD) model were used to simulate the disassembly of the medium size nucleus 129 Xe. The LGM was proposed by Lee and Yang [245], which has been applied to the microscopic nuclear system in the grand canonical ensemble with a sampling of the canonical ensemble [246] and in mean field approximation [247]. We would not introduce the lattice gas model in this review for the reason it has been incorporated in canonical models.…”

Section: System Information Entropy As Liquid-gas Transition Indicatormentioning

confidence: 99%

Shannon information entropy in heavy-ion collisions

2018

Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics

104

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The general idea of information entropy provided by C.E. Shannon "hangs over everything we do" and can be applied to a great variety of problems once the connection between a distribution and the quantities of interest is found. The Shannon information entropy essentially quantify the information of a quantity with its specific distribution, for which the information entropy based methods have been deeply developed in many scientific areas including physics. The dynamical properties of heavy-ion collisions (HICs) process make it difficult and complex to study the nuclear matter and its evolution, for which Shannon information entropy theory can provide new methods and observables to understand the physical phenomena both theoretically and experimentally. To better understand the processes of HICs, the main characteristics of typical models, including the quantum molecular dynamics models, thermodynamics models, and statistical models, etc, are briefly introduced. The typical applications of Shannon information theory in HICs are collected, which cover the chaotic behavior in branching process of hadron collisions, the liquid-gas phase transition in HICs, and the isobaric difference scaling phenomenon for intermediate mass fragments produced in HICs of neutron-rich systems. Even though the present applications in heavy-ion collision physics are still relatively simple, it would shed light on key questions we are seeking for. It is suggested to further develop the information entropy methods in nuclear reactions models, as well as to develop new analysis methods to study the properties of nuclear matters in HICs, especially the evolution of dynamics system.

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Isospin lattice gas model and liquid-gas phase transition in asymmetric nuclear matter

Cited by 31 publications

References 18 publications

Isoscaling in the lattice gas model

Isoscaling in the lattice gas model

Application of Information Theory in Nuclear Liquid Gas Phase Transition

Shannon information entropy in heavy-ion collisions

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