Isothermal and nonisothermal crystallization kinetics of fully bio‐based polyamides

He, Miaomiao; Wei, Tao; Zhang, Liqun; Jia, Qiongqiong

doi:10.1002/pen.24311

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…In recent years, polymers derived from petroleum, coal, and natural gas have played a significant role in our society, but these conventional fossil resources are non-renewable and will be depleted eventually, so the research on bio-based polymers is of great significance and in accord with sustainable development. [1][2][3] Polyamide (PA) is an important engineering thermoplastic material, which is widely used in industrial applications. 4,5 Among of them, semi-aromatic polyamide is a newly developed heatresistant material with outstanding performances, like higher strength and heat resistance than aliphatic polyamide [e.g., poly(hexamethylene adipamide), PA66], and better melt processing performance and plasticity compared to wholly-aromatic polyamide [e.g., poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide), PPTA], 6,7 so it is considered to be a promising advanced material by the researchers around the world for the past few years.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent years, polymers derived from petroleum, coal, and natural gas have played a significant role in our society, but these conventional fossil resources are non‐renewable and will be depleted eventually, so the research on bio‐based polymers is of great significance and in accord with sustainable development . Polyamide (PA) is an important engineering thermoplastic material, which is widely used in industrial applications .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Poly(decamethylene terephthalamide) copolymerized with long‐chain alkyl dodecanedioic acid: Toward bio‐based polymer and improved performances

Zou

Wang

Feng

et al. 2018

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Poly(decamethylene terephthalamide) (PA10T), a bio‐based high‐performance semi‐aromatic polyamide, has been commercialized in recent years. However, there still are some weaknesses restricting its application range, such as narrow melt processing window and low ductility. In this study, we chose dodecanedioic acid (a potential bio‐based raw material) as the comonomer to prepare copolyamides [poly(decamethylene terephthalamide/decamethylene dodecanediamide), PA10T/1012] for solving these problems. The basic properties of these copolyamides were characterized by viscosity measurement, Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, proton nuclear magnetic resonance, wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, dynamic mechanical analysis, and tensile measurement. Results show that, compared to PA10T, PA10T/1012 exhibits wider melt processing window and more outstanding elongation at break. Meanwhile, PA10T/1012 is still qualified for high temperature resistant material. Furthermore, Tg, Td,5%, Td,10%, and Td,max of PA10T/1012 show a linear dependence on 1012 content, which is helpful to design new bio‐based copolyamides for meeting the needs of various occasions. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46531.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poly(decamethylene terephthalamide) copolymerized with long‐chain alkyl dodecanedioic acid: Toward bio‐based polymer and improved performances

Zou

Wang

Feng

et al. 2018

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…The t 1/2 values of individual samples are provided in Table . Compared to mPA6/GO‐0, the samples containing graphene exhibit a shorter t 1/2 , strengthening once again the nucleating agent role played by graphene and the positive effect on the crystallization rate . However, excess graphene would limit the movement of PA6 molecules, inhibiting the crystallization.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Preparation and characterization of graphene reinforced PA6 fiber

Tang

Chen

et al. 2017

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Here, we report the successful preparation of PA6/GO composite fibers through in situ polymerization and the melting spinning method. The results suggest that graphene has induced only minor changes on the relative viscosity yet exhibits significant effects on the crystallization characteristics. The SEM images of the fibers have shown several expended borders as a consequence of graphene addition. The maximum strength of the composite fibers (5.3 cN/dtex) has been reached 0.05 wt % graphene added to the system; the draw ratio was equaled to 3.8. Compared to the neat PA6 fiber, the fibers with graphene displayed superior creep resistance features; the creep rate constant was 0.38 at a 0.05 graphene concentration, with a draw ratio of 3.5. The approach employed in this research paves the way towards PA6/graphene nanocomposites have been prepared through in situ polymerization using caprolactam and graphene oxide/water pulp as starting materials. In situ polymerization approach facilitated a superior interaction between PA6 and graphene. Compared to graphene oxide powder, the graphene oxide in water pulp has prevented the agglomeration when added to the caprolactam melt, leading to its enhanced dispersion within the system. PA6/graphene as‐spun fiber has been produced by the mean of melt‐spinning strategy using a melt‐spinning machine, obtaining products with different draw ratios after drawing at 120 °C. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45834.

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“…The crystallization kinetics were analyzed using the Avrami equation. According to the Avrami model , the relative degree of crystallinity X rel is described as follows:

X_{rel} (t) = 1 - \exp (- k t^{n})

where n is the Avrami exponent that depends on the nucleation mechanism and growth geometry of crystals, k is the crystallization rate constant that involves both nucleation and growth rate parameters, and t is the time.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The crystallization kinetics were analyzed using the Avrami equation. According to the Avrami model [18][19][20], the relative degree of crystallinity X rel is described as follows:…”

Section: Differential Scanning Calorimetrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of process parameters on thermal properties of glass fiber reinforced polyamide 6 composites throughout the direct long‐fiber‐reinforced thermoplastics process

Whitfield

Kuboki

Wood

et al. 2017

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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The direct long‐fiber‐reinforced thermoplastic (D‐LFT) process is an efficient, one‐stop manufacturing process starting from raw materials to a final product, and includes various types of equipment. Tandem twin‐screw extruders are the main components of the D‐LFT process, and their control dictates productivity and properties of products. This study investigates the effects of extruder temperature and screw speed on molecular weight and thermal properties of glass fiber‐reinforced polyamide 6 (PA6) composites throughout the D‐LFT process. Viscosity number measurements, thermogravimetric analyses (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analyses were performed on samples taken from different locations along the D‐LFT process. It was found that viscosity number, which is a measure of molecular weight of the PA6 base resin, decreased with increasing extruder temperature and decreasing screw speed. In contrast, TGA results showed that the low screw speed of the extruders increased apparent activation energy of the final product. Non‐isothermal DSC crystallization analysis revealed no substantial changes to the material's degree of crystallinity with the variations in extruder temperature and screw speed; however, isothermal DSC crystallization analysis showed that the low screw speed of the extruders increased crystallization half‐time of the final material. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 58:E114–E123, 2018. © 2017 Society of Plastics Engineers

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Isothermal and nonisothermal crystallization kinetics of fully bio‐based polyamides

Cited by 7 publications

References 32 publications

Poly(decamethylene terephthalamide) copolymerized with long‐chain alkyl dodecanedioic acid: Toward bio‐based polymer and improved performances

Poly(decamethylene terephthalamide) copolymerized with long‐chain alkyl dodecanedioic acid: Toward bio‐based polymer and improved performances

Preparation and characterization of graphene reinforced PA6 fiber

Effects of process parameters on thermal properties of glass fiber reinforced polyamide 6 composites throughout the direct long‐fiber‐reinforced thermoplastics process

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