Isothiazolinone Preservative: Cause of a Continuing Epidemic of Cosmetic Dermatitis

Groot, A. de; Herxheimer, Andrew

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(89)91318-4

Cited by 79 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Exposure to cosmetic products can be traced, but specific products are difficult to identify. Pre-existing dermatitis was present in about half of patients (41). Studies during the time period of MCI/MI introduction in leave-on cosmetics supports such a view, as the sensitization frequency in certain areas increased (42).…”

Section: Consumer Productsmentioning

confidence: 91%

An update of the risk assessment for methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone (MCI/MI) with focus on rinse‐off products

1999

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Methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone (MCUMI) has been widely used during the last 20 years for the preservation of aqueous systems in cosmetics, toiletries and in various industrial applications. MCI/MI has a broad spectrum of activity against fungi and bacteria at very low concentrations. The allergic contact potential of MCI/MI has been known for many years. This paper provides a review of pre-clinical and clinical experimental studies as well as experience from dermatology clinics worldwide. This forms the basis for an update of the risk assessment for the use of MCUMI in rinse-off products. The scientific data indicate that the actual sensitization rate observed with a contact allergen is extremely dependent on dose and type of exposure. This review of the data leads to the conclusion that, under normal use conditions, within the current permitted/ recommended use concentrations for MCI/MI of up to 15ppm, the risk of primary sensitization from the use of rinse-off products is negligible, and elicitation of allergic contact dermatitis in MCI/MI-sensitized individuals rare, after exposure to MCUMI-preserved rinse-off products.

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Section: Consumer Productsmentioning

confidence: 91%

An update of the risk assessment for methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone (MCI/MI) with focus on rinse‐off products

1999

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“…The prior and extensive use of MCI/MI in primarily leave-on cosmetic products was, in the 1980s, responsible for an epidemic of contact allergy to MCI/MI [3]. The EC did, however, manage to restrict the use of MCI/MI and prevalence ratios of 1%-2% of contact allergy to MCI/MI have subsequently been observed throughout the 1990s and early 2000s [6][7][8][9].…”

Section: Contact Allergy To Methylisothiazolinonementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Daily skin contact with preserved cosmetic products may, however, also cause preservative contact allergy and allergic contact dermatitis; in particular, one of the currently allowed preservatives for use in cosmetic products in the EU has shown to be of concern, i.e., methylisothiazolinone (MI) [1,2]. Over recent decades several recurring epidemics of preservative contact allergy have unfortunately been observed in Europe: formaldehyde contact allergy in the 1960s, methylchloroisothiazolinone in combination with methylisothiazolinone (MCI/MI) contact allergy in the 1980s, methyldibromo glutaronitrile contact allergy in the late 1990s/early 2000s, and recently the unprecedented increase in cases of MI contact allergy in the early 2010s [3][4][5][6][7][8][9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contact Allergy to Preservatives—Is the European Commission a Commendable Risk Manager?

Schwensen

Thyssen

2016

Cosmetics

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Abstract:Although preservatives are necessary to prevent deterioration by microbial growth in cosmetic products, daily skin contact with preserved cosmetic products may cause a preservative contact allergy. Only preservatives with sufficient pre-market risk assessment, presumably being safe for the consumer from a public health point of view, are permitted for use in cosmetic products in the European Union. Notwithstanding the efforts by the European Commission (EC) to avoid epidemics of contact allergy, the former epidemic of contact allergy to methyldibromo glutaronitrile and the unprecedented epidemic of contact allergy to methylisothiazolinone show the procrastination of the European Union risk management process for cosmetic ingredients. Timely risk management is of the utmost importance to avoid rapidly increasing numbers of contact allergy to turn into full-blown epidemics. It is therefore proposed that in order to avoid future epidemics of contact allergy to preservatives, the allowed preservatives in cosmetic products should be entered onto Annex V on a time-limited basis only, and they must be re-evaluated in order to stay on Annex V.

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“…The allergens considered most often are fragrances and preservatives. Methylchloroisothiazolinone and methylisothiazolinone (MCI/MI) is widely used as a preservative in many products (De Groot & Herxheimer, 1989). Tosti et al (Tosti et al, 2003) found MCI/MI to be a frequent cause of ACD, i.e.…”

Section: Preservativesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Allergic Contact Dermatitis in Children

&NA;

2011

Journal of the Dermatology Nurses' Association

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Isothiazolinone Preservative: Cause of a Continuing Epidemic of Cosmetic Dermatitis

Cited by 79 publications

References 15 publications

An update of the risk assessment for methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone (MCI/MI) with focus on rinse‐off products

An update of the risk assessment for methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone (MCI/MI) with focus on rinse‐off products

Contact Allergy to Preservatives—Is the European Commission a Commendable Risk Manager?

Allergic Contact Dermatitis in Children

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