Isotope geochemistry and geochronology of the gabbro of the Volkovsky Massif, Urals

Anikina, E. Yu.; Краснобаев, А. А.; Ronkin, Yu. L.; Alexeev, A. V.; Busharina, S. V.; Капитонов, И. Н.; Lokhov, K. I.

doi:10.1134/s0016702914020025

Cited by 8 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Ag-bearing palladian gold has been found at such deposits as Norilsk-1, Talnakh [22], Baronskoe [55], Chudnoe, Nesterovskoe [53], Ozernoe [31], and Krutoe [51]; deposits of the Fedorovo-Pansky intrusive complex [58] in Russia; Corrego Bom Sucesso, Gongo Soco, Caue, and Serra Pelada in Brazil [25,77]; Bleïda Far West in Morocco [68]; and placers of the Ambositra region, Madagascar [70] and Zimnik Creek, Poland [64]. Native gold from these deposits is heterogenous and is represented by two or more varieties of Ag-bearing palladian gold-with Hg and (or) Cu impurities.…”

Section: Palladian Gold and Au-pd Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Palladian gold has low concentrations of Cu~0.3 wt.% and high concentrations of Ag from 8.4 to 16.2 wt.% (fineness 800‰-914‰) (Table 5) [30]. Among the minerals of noble metals in copper-sulfide (chalcopyrite, bornite, digenite) ores, there are also tellurides-merenskyite, hessite, and sylvanite, and platinum arsenidesperrylite [55,[99][100][101][102][103].…”

Section: Name Of Deposit (Location)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Palladian Gold: Chemical Composition, Minerals in Association, and Physicochemical Conditions of Formation at Different Types of Gold Deposits

Palyanova,

Zhegunov,

Beliaeva

et al. 2023

Minerals

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This paper reviews and summarizes the available information on the composition of palladian gold with various contents and sets of isomorphic impurities (Ag, Cu, Hg) at 50 deposits and ore occurrences with Au-Pd mineralization. It is revealed that Palladian gold is represented by the systems Au–Pd, Au–Pd–Hg, Au–Pd–Cu, and Au–Pd–Ag–Hg, but more frequently corresponds to Au–Pd–Ag, Au–Pd–Ag–Cu, and Au–Pd–Ag–Cu–Hg. Objects with palladian gold belong to different types of gold deposits and to the deposits at which the main components of ores are PGE, Cr, Cu, Ni, V, and Ti. We propose a classification of the types of deposits with palladian gold: (1) PGE ore deposits related to mafic–ultramafic magmatic complexes (two subtypes—(a) low-sulfide-grade (less than 2%–5% sulfides) Alaskan, and (b) high-sulfide-grade (more than 5% sulfides) Norilsk); (2) orogenic gold deposits (OG); (3) epithermal (porphyry) gold–copper deposits (EPGC); (4) iron oxide copper gold deposits (IOCG); (5) ferruginous quartzite deposits; (6) volcanic exhalation; and (7) gold-PGE placers of five subtypes corresponding to the types of 1–5 primary sources. Palladian gold is mainly high-fineness (910‰–990‰), is less frequently medium-fineness, and contains Ag and Cu, but does not contain Hg at the deposits of types 1, 3, and 4. The only exception is the Au-Pd-Hg Itchayvayam ore occurrence (Kamchatka, Russia), for which two varieties of Pd,Hg-bearing native gold (fineness 816‰–960‰ and 580‰–660‰) are determined. Low-fineness palladian gold with the major content of Ag is typical of OGD deposits. Medium-fineness palladian gold occurs at ferruginous quartzite deposits and in volcanic exhalations. Hg, Ag, Cu-bearing high-fineness palladian gold is present mainly in placer deposits (type 7). The most common minerals in association with palladian gold are arsenides, stibioarsenides, sulfides, stannides, bismuthides, tellurides, and selenides of Pd and Pt. These are typical of deposit types 1 and 7. The minerals of Au, Ag, and Cu (tetra-auricupride, aurostibite, chalcopyrite, bornite, chalcocite, eucairite, etc.) are in association with palladian gold at OG, EPGC, and IOCG deposits. Hg minerals (cinnabar, tiemannite, coloradoite, potarite) are at some deposits (types 1, 2, 7-1, 7-4). Cu, Fe, and Pd oxides (tenorite, hematite, magnetite, PdO, (Pd,Cu)O) and Fe and Pd hydroxides (goethite, (Fe,Pd)OOH) occur at the deposits of the 3, 4, and 7 groups and indicate the highly oxidizing conditions of ore formation. The most common minerals among host minerals are quartz and muscovite, including fuchsite (Cr-Ms), chlorite, albite, K-feldspar, hornblende, and carbonates (calcite, siderite, etc.). The fineness, content, and set of impurities in palladian gold and minerals in association with it reflect the mineralogy of Au-Pd ores and allow them to be used as indicators for the deposit types.

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Section: Palladian Gold and Au-pd Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Name Of Deposit (Location)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Palladian Gold: Chemical Composition, Minerals in Association, and Physicochemical Conditions of Formation at Different Types of Gold Deposits

Palyanova,

Zhegunov,

Beliaeva

et al. 2023

Minerals

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“…In this occurrence, noble metal minerals are represented by vysotskite PdS, kotulskite, stillwaterite Pd 8 As 3 , a series of unnamed Pd-As-Te phases and Pd-rich electrum [29] (Table 4). However, these clinopyroxenites are genetically linked with the Volkovsky complex [30], which attribution to the UA-type is controversial [6,36]. On the contrary, Kachkanar intrusion has been considered as an upper part of a UA-type intrusion [6].…”

Section: Comparison To Other Cu-noble Metal Occurrences In the Ua-typ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus far, elevated concentrations of Pd and Pt in clinopyroxenites have been reported for some intrusions of the UPB [28][29][30]. However, mineral phases hosting these elements have not yet been characterized sufficiently.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, mineral phases hosting these elements have not yet been characterized sufficiently. Described in the most detail is the noble metal assemblage of the olivine clinopyroxenites from the Baronskoe-Kluevsky ore deposit (the Volkovsky complex) [29,30]. Several minerals of the noble metals have been previously identified in clinopyroxenites of the Kachkanar intrusion [28], but their occurrence and assemblages have not received attention.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pd-Ag-Au Minerals in Clinopyroxenites of the Kachkanar Ural–Alaskan-Type Complex (Middle Urals, Russia)

Stepanov,

Chayka,

Palamarchuk

et al. 2023

Minerals

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The study of noble metal minerals of the Ural–Alaskan-type (UA-type) complexes has been traditionally focused on their platinum-bearing dunites and chromitites, while clinopyroxenites have been poorly considered. In this study, we report the first detailed data on the noble metal mineral assemblage in clinopyroxenites of the Kachkanar intrusion, which is a part of a UA-type complex and is renowned for its huge Ti-magnetite deposits. High concentrations of Pd, Au and Ag are closely linked to Cu-sulfide mineralization in amphibole clinopyroxenites, in which they form Pd-Ag-Au minerals: keithconnite Pd3−xTe, sopcheite Ag4Pd3Te4, stutzite Ag5−xTe3, hessite Ag2Te, merenskyite PdTe, kotulskite Pd(Te,Bi), temagamite Pd3HgTe, atheneite (Pd,Hg)3As, potarite PdHg, electrum AuAg and Hg-bearing native silver. Among those, six mineral phases are first reported for clinopyroxenites of the Ural platinum belt. Our evidence supports a petrological model, suggesting that during fractionation of high-Ca primitive magmas at high oxygen fugacity, Pt, Os, Ir, Ru and Rh accumulate in early olivine–chromite cumulates, while Pd, Au and Ag reside in the melt until sulfide saturation occurs and then concentrate in sulfide mineralization. Subsequently, this sulfide mineralization is likely affected by cumulate degassing, which results in a partial resorption of the sulfides and Pd, Au and Ag remobilization by fluid. Second-stage concentration of the sulfides and the chalcophile noble metals in the amphibole-rich rocks may occur when H2O from the fluid reacts with pyroxenes to form amphiboles, and the fluid becomes oversaturated with sulfides and chalcophile elements.

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Zirconology of miaskites from the Ilmeny Mountains, South Urals

et al. 2016

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Isotope geochemistry and geochronology of the gabbro of the Volkovsky Massif, Urals

Cited by 8 publications

References 31 publications

Palladian Gold: Chemical Composition, Minerals in Association, and Physicochemical Conditions of Formation at Different Types of Gold Deposits

Palladian Gold: Chemical Composition, Minerals in Association, and Physicochemical Conditions of Formation at Different Types of Gold Deposits

Pd-Ag-Au Minerals in Clinopyroxenites of the Kachkanar Ural–Alaskan-Type Complex (Middle Urals, Russia)

Zirconology of miaskites from the Ilmeny Mountains, South Urals

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