Isotope-labelling derivatisation: a broadly applicable approach to quantitation of algal toxins by isotope dilution LC-MS/MS

Abstract

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Validated HPLC-MS/MS Method To Quantify Low Levels of Domoic Acid in Plasma and Urine after Subacute Exposure

“… 6 A few published methods used KA and ENK as internal standards in seawater and mussel analyses to control for assay variability, 7 , 9 , 30 but the distinct chromatographic and mass spectrometric properties of KA and ENK may decrease their usefulness as internal standards for DA. Another recently published method introduced the use of the labeled dansyl chloride derivative of DA as an internal standard, 29 but the sample and internal standard are derivatized separately. To address these issues with selection of an internal standard, we synthesized and validated THDA as an internal standard.…”

“… 28 Despite the extraction methods used in the published assays and the known variability in analyte ionization in LC-MS/MS methods, none of these published methods for serum and urine analyses includes an internal standard. In mussel and seawater analyses, the deuterated dansyl chloride derivative of DA, 29 kainic acid (KA), 30 and leucine-enkephalin (ENK) 7 , 9 have been used as internal standards for LC-MS/MS methods. These internal standards have distinctly different chromatographic and spectrometric properties than DA, which decrease their usefulness.…”

Recent advancements in LC‐MS based analysis of biotoxins: Present and future challenges

“…Following which, an excellent recovery in the range of 103-125% and a detection limit of 1 mg/kg was achieved. Also, Beach et al (2016) investigated a novel idea of isotope-labeling derivatization for the quantification of DA in mussels, anatoxin-a (ANA-a) and homoanatoxin-a (hANA-a) in cyanobacteria via HILIC-QTRAP-MS analysis. The method includes dansyl chloride derivatization of samples and dansyl-d 6 chloride derivatization of toxin standards, followed by mixing and then analyzed by LC-MS.…”

Simultaneous Quantification of Trace and Micro Phenolic Compounds by Liquid Chromatography Tandem-Mass Spectrometry

“…This approach can effectively correct system errors during sample pretreatment, ionization efficiency, and separation; thus, it can improve accuracy, precision, and reproducibility [ 26 , 27 ]. The method is widely used in the detection and analysis of pesticide residues [ 28 , 29 , 30 ], veterinary drug residues [ 31 ], natural toxins [ 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 ], heavy metal pollution [ 36 ], micronutrients [ 37 , 38 ], and vitamins [ 39 , 40 , 41 ]. However, the main factors restricting its development are the scarcity of isotope-labeled reagents and their high price.…”