Isotope study reveals atomic motion mechanism for the formation of metal whiskers in MAX phase

Lu, Chengjie; Liu, Yushuang; Fang, Jian; Zhang, Yan; Zhang, Peigen; Sun, ZhengMing

doi:10.1016/j.actamat.2020.11.017

Cited by 19 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Higher pressure means tighter contact between Ti2SnC/Sn. Our previous work implies that the atoms supplying Sn whisker growth diffuse through the Sn atom layer in Ti2SnC lattice, and the interaction between Ti2SnC and Sn is considered to be the fundamental factor initiating the Sn whiskering phenomenon in the Ti2SnC/Sn system [13,17]. Therefore, more diffusion paths and larger driving force are expected as the extent of contact between Ti2SnC/Sn increases.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The study on modulable tin whisker growth behaviors and mechanisms on Ti₂SnC

Liu

Zhang²,

Sun³

2022

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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The spontaneous growth of tin whiskers has resisted interpretation for more than 70 years. Herein, tin whisker growth behaviours on Ti2SnC bulks cold-pressed under different pressures were studied. It was found that higher whisker growth propensity is reached when Ti2SnC cold-pressed under higher pressure. Several thicker whiskers with diameter more than 3 μm were observed on the samples formed under higher pressure, while the diameter of more than 50% whiskers ranges from 0.5 μm to 1.5 μm for all of the samples. An atomic motion mechanism, in which the element source supplying Sn whisker growth diffuse through the Sn atom layer in Ti2SnC lattice, and the interaction between Ti2SnC and Sn is considered to be the fundamental factor initiating the Sn whisker growth, was employed to understand the phenomena. The findings herein provide new clues to understand the tin whisker growth behaviors and modulable metal whisker fabrication.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The study on modulable tin whisker growth behaviors and mechanisms on Ti₂SnC

Liu

Zhang²,

Sun³

2022

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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“…Very recently, when we performed mechanochemical decomposition of Ti 2 SnC (a typical MAX phase), except for the rapid and massive growth phenomenon of Sn whisker, tiny TiC crystals in Ti 2 SnC grain were also observed, explained as the partial decomposition of Ti 2 SnC phase. 8 Inspired by the fact that a couple of MAX phases containing low melting point metal element (LMPM) at A-site can grow A-site metal whiskers, 3 for instance, Ga whisker of Cr 2 GaC, 9,10 In whisker of Ti 2 InC 11 and Zr 2 InC, 12 Sn whisker of Ti 2 SnC, 13,14 the questions arise naturally whether M and X atoms will also transform into valuable products (such as TiC for Ti 2 SnC) when mechanochemical decomposition of the MAX phase is sufficient. In fact, both decomposition products (nano-sized TiC and Sn whiskers) are advanced materials for new technologies, which makes the mechanochemical decomposition of other MAX phases significant to the preparation of various nano-sized M-X carbides and A-site metal whiskers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large‐scale preparation of nano‐sized carbides and metal whiskers via mechanochemical decomposition of MAX phases

Tian

Tang

et al. 2022

Int J Applied Ceramic Tech

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Nano-sized transition metal carbide powder is usually synthesized by chemical methods such as chemical vapor deposition, while its large-scale synthesis is a long-standing challenge due to high energy consumption and low yield; metal nanowires (NWs) (mainly noble metals) are usually prepared by wet chemistry, and more compositions and greener preparation routes for metal NWs are urgent to meet the needs of the high technology industry. Herein, MAX phases are mechanochemically decomposed, resulting in the fine corresponding binary M-X carbides and the A-site metal whiskers. This implies a feasible top-down route for efficiently preparing fine carbides and high-quality metal whiskers on large scale. Several example MAX phases (both 312 and 211) are selected to demonstrate the feasibility of this method. The carbides and metal whiskers are characterized by X-ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy to identify their morphology, composition, and phase. The compositional diversity of MAX phases bodes that this would be a promising alternative avenue to preparing various nano-sized carbides and single-crystal metal whiskers.

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“…However, the role of the interface energy has not been paid much attention as the whiskering phenomenon on MAX phases was investigated [20,27]. This makes the studies of whisker growth overemphasize the effect of structural particularity of MAX phases [28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interface Energy-driven Indium Whisker Growth on Ceramic Substrates 

Liu

Zhang

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The mechanism behind spontaneous growth of metal whiskers is essential to develop lead-free whisker mitigation strategy for the sake of long-term reliability of electronics, and has been sought for several decades. However, a consensus about it still lacks, and a host of factors influencing the phenomenon have been investigated, but the role of interface energy has not been paid adequate attention. In this study, the whisker growth propensities of ball-milled Ti2InC/In and non-MAX phase TiC/In and SiC/In are comparatively studied in the terms of the wettability, thermal behavior and crystal structures. The wetting angles of indium with Ti2InC, TiC, and SiC (144.4°, 155.7°, and 142.2°, respectively) are large and quite close, indicating the poor wettability between liquid indium and the three ceramics. The thermal behaviors of all the three systems have obvious changes after ball milling. The number density of indium whiskers on ball-milled Ti2InC are significantly greater than those on the TiC and SiC substrates, which is explained based on interface energy and the crystal structure difference of the ceramic substrates.

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Isotope study reveals atomic motion mechanism for the formation of metal whiskers in MAX phase

Cited by 19 publications

References 33 publications

The study on modulable tin whisker growth behaviors and mechanisms on Ti₂SnC

The study on modulable tin whisker growth behaviors and mechanisms on Ti₂SnC

Large‐scale preparation of nano‐sized carbides and metal whiskers via mechanochemical decomposition of MAX phases

Interface Energy-driven Indium Whisker Growth on Ceramic Substrates

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Isotope study reveals atomic motion mechanism for the formation of metal whiskers in MAX phase

Cited by 19 publications

References 33 publications

The study on modulable tin whisker growth behaviors and mechanisms on Ti2SnC

The study on modulable tin whisker growth behaviors and mechanisms on Ti2SnC

Large‐scale preparation of nano‐sized carbides and metal whiskers via mechanochemical decomposition of MAX phases

Interface Energy-driven Indium Whisker Growth on Ceramic Substrates&nbsp;

Contact Info

Product

Resources

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The study on modulable tin whisker growth behaviors and mechanisms on Ti₂SnC

The study on modulable tin whisker growth behaviors and mechanisms on Ti₂SnC

Interface Energy-driven Indium Whisker Growth on Ceramic Substrates