Isotopic and Geochemical Constraints on the Origin and Evolution of the Columbia River Basalt

Hooper, P. R.; Hawkesworth, Chris J.

doi:10.1093/petrology/34.6.1203

Cited by 225 publications

(199 citation statements)

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“…In fact, the incompatible trace element patterns of the Hronicum basaltic rocks are likely to be related to a lithosphere mantle source and are dissimilar to the patterns of the oceanic basalts or plume-related basalts, also described by Dostal et al (2003). These patterns are typical of many continental flood basalt provinces, such as Paraná, Columbia River plateau, Ethiopia, Siberian and Emeishan CFBs (Piccirillo et al 1988;Dostal & Greenough 1992;Hooper & Hawkesworth 1993;Arndt et al 1993;Sharma 1997;Kieffer et al 2004;Reichow et al 2009;He et al 2010 and references therein). The good correlation with the Siberian traps is shown by the Siberian traps normalized patterns of the Hronicum basic rocks (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…These patterns are typical of subduction-related rocks as well as some within-plate continental tholeiites, which were not associated with contemporary subduction processes. The chemical composition of basalts suggests a possible later effect of older subduction-related processes that modified the lithospheric mantle, which then became the magma source (Hooper & Hawkesworth 1993). High Th/Nb ratio ( > 0.17) corresponding to primitive mantle is characteristic of subduction-related processes (Pearce 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Geochemistry and Sr, Nd isotopic composition of the Hronic Upper Paleozoic basic rocks (Western Carpathians, Slovakia)

Vozár¹,

Spišiak²,

Vozárová³

et al. 2015

Geologica Carpathica

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The paper presents new major and trace element and first Sr-Nd isotope data from selected lavas among the Permian basaltic andesite and basalts of the Hronicum Unit and the dolerite dykes cutting mainly the Pennsylvanian strata. The basic rocks are characterized by small to moderate mg # numbers (30 to 54) and high SiO 2 contents (51-57 wt. %). Low values of TiO 2 (1.07-1.76 wt. %) span the low-Ti basalts. Ti/Y ratios in the dolerite dykes as well as the basaltic andesite and basalt of the 1 st eruption phase are close to the recommended boundary 500 between high-Ti and low-Ti basalts. Ti/Y value from the 2 nd eruption phase basalt is higher and inclined to the high-Ti basalts. In spite of this fact, in all studied Hronicum basic rocks Fe 2 O 3 * is lower than 12 wt. % and Nb/La ratios (0.3-0.6) are low, which is more characteristic of low-Ti basalts. The basic rocks are characterized by Nb/La ratios (0.56 to 0.33), and negative correlations between Nb/La and SiO 2 , which point to crustal assimilation and fraction crystallization. The intercept for Sr evolution lines of the 1 st intrusive phase basalt is closest to the expected extrusions age (about 290 Ma) with an initial 87 Sr/ 86 Sr ratio of about 0.7054. Small differences in calculated values I Sr document a partial Sr isotopic heterogeneity source (0.70435-0.70566), or possible contamination of the original magma by crustal material. For Nd analyses of the three samples, the calculated values εCHUR (285 Ma) are positive (from 1.75 to 3.97) for all samples with only subtle variation. Chemical and isotopic data permit us to assume that the parental magma for the Hronicum basic rocks was generated from an enriched heterogeneous source in the subcontinental lithospheric mantle.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geochemistry and Sr, Nd isotopic composition of the Hronic Upper Paleozoic basic rocks (Western Carpathians, Slovakia)

Vozár¹,

Spišiak²,

Vozárová³

et al. 2015

Geologica Carpathica

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“…The Columbia River Basalt Group covers central Washington state with up to a kilometer of columnar basalt, and extends into Oregon and Idaho (27). This Miocene flood basalt plateau contains several hundred extensive, chemically homogeneous flows (27,28).…”

Section: Field Observations On Lavamentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonequilibrium scale selection mechanism for columnar jointing

Goehring

Mahadevan²,

Morris³

2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

113

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Crack patterns in laboratory experiments on thick samples of drying cornstarch are geometrically similar to columnar joints in cooling lava found at geological sites such as the Giant's Causeway. We present measurements of the crack spacing from both laboratory and geological investigations of columnar jointing, and show how these data can be collapsed onto a single master scaling curve. This is due to the underlying mathematical similarity between theories for the cracking of solids induced by differential drying or by cooling. We use this theory to give a simple quantitative explanation of how these geometrically similar crack patterns arise from a single dynamical law rooted in the nonequilibrium nature of the phenomena. We also give scaling relations for the characteristic crack spacing in other limits consistent with our experiments and observations, and discuss the implications of our results for the control of crack patterns in thin and thick solid films.pattern formation | fracture | geomorphology | volcanology | faulting D rying solids lose moisture from their exposed surfaces and shrink as a consequence. Similarly, cooling solids lose heat from their exposed surfaces and shrink as a consequence. In either case, this differential shrinkage of one part of the solid relative to another leads to stresses that can eventually lead to cracking (1-3). Although much is known about the nucleation, growth, dynamics, and stability of a single crack in an elastic solid, most questions associated with the patterns of multiple cracks due to stresses that arise from nonequilibrium processes such as drying and cooling (4-7) remain wide open. The resulting polygonal planform patterns can arise in a variety of situations, from the mundane cracks in drying mud, to the deliberately artistic cracks in ceramics and pottery, to the spectacular columnar joint formations of the Giant's Causeway in Northern Ireland, Fingal's Cave on Staffa, in Scotland, and the Devil's Postpile in California. The latter formations have fascinated casual observers, artists, and scientists for centuries (8-10), but no comprehensive physical theory for their form or scale exists. Indeed, it is only in the past decade or so that careful laboratory experiments have started to address the dependence of any of these crack patterns on such quantities as the rate of drying or cooling, the thickness of the layers, and their mechanical properties (4-7, 11-13). For example, recent experiments show that crack formation and propagation in drying thin films leads to length scales and patterns that can be strongly timedependent; cracks in directionally drying films grow diffusively at short times, and can advance intermittently via stick-slip-like motion over longer times (11,12). The patterns formed by these cracks depend in detail on the spatiotemporal dynamics of drying, substrate adhesion, and thickness variations (4,6,13,14). This immediately suggests a nonequilibrium origin to these crack patterns, one that couples the heterogeneous elastic stresses in th...

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“…This probably is evi dence of incipient rifting in the area. It should be noted that all diagrams show coinci dence (complete or partial) of figurative points of composition of the areal volcanism with the fields of intraplate geochemical rocks identified in the plateau basalts of the Ichinskii and Bakening Volcanoes [Koloskov, 2006] as well as with the fields of the "Columbia River" basalts, which are a typical example of continental plateau basalts in a backarc volcanic basin [Hooper and Hawkesworth, 1993;Smith, 1992].…”

Section: Dating the Volcanic Eruptionsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Evolution stages and petrology of the Kekuknai volcanic massif as reflecting the magmatism in Backarc zone of Kuril-Kamchatka island arc system. Part 1. Geological position and geochemistry of volcanic rocks

Колосков

Flerov

Perepelov

et al. 2011

J. Volcanolog. Seismol.

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Abstract-The evolution of the Quaternary Kekuknai volcanic massif (the western flank of the Sredinnyi Range in Kamchatka) has been subdivided into five stages: (1) the pre caldera trachybasalt-basaltic andes ite, (2) the extrusive trachyandesite-trachydacite, (3) the early trachybasalt, (4) the middle hawaiitemugearite (with occasional occurrences of basaltic andesites), and (5) the late trachybasalt-hawaiitemugearite (with occasional andesites) of areal volcanism. On the basis of petrologic data we identified the island arc and the intraplate geochemical types of rocks in the massif. The leading part in petrogenesis was played by dynamics of the fluid phase with a subordinated role of fractional crystallization and hybridism. Successive saturation of rocks with the fluid phase in the course of melt evolution stopped at the time of caldera generation when most fluid mobile elements and silica had been extracted. The geological and pet rologic data attest to the formation of the massif in the environment of a backarc volcanic basin during the beginning of rifting with active participation of mantle plume components.

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Isotopic and Geochemical Constraints on the Origin and Evolution of the Columbia River Basalt

Cited by 225 publications

References 0 publications

Geochemistry and Sr, Nd isotopic composition of the Hronic Upper Paleozoic basic rocks (Western Carpathians, Slovakia)

Geochemistry and Sr, Nd isotopic composition of the Hronic Upper Paleozoic basic rocks (Western Carpathians, Slovakia)

Nonequilibrium scale selection mechanism for columnar jointing

Evolution stages and petrology of the Kekuknai volcanic massif as reflecting the magmatism in Backarc zone of Kuril-Kamchatka island arc system. Part 1. Geological position and geochemistry of volcanic rocks

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