Isotopic and molecular fractionation in combustion; three routes to molecular marker validation, including direct molecular ‘dating’ (GC/AMS)

Currie, Lloyd A.; Klouda, George A.; Benner, Bruce A.; Garrity, K. M.; Eglinton, T. I.

doi:10.1016/s1352-2310(98)00325-2

Cited by 43 publications

(30 citation statements)

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“…The fuel consumption is less variable, with neither spikes at the onset of a cycle nor a strong drop once gas‐phase combustion has ceased. Others have found that the consumption rate decreases significantly once combustion enters the solid‐phase regime [ Currie et al , 1999]. We did not observe this effect.…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 77%

Primary particle emissions from residential coal burning: Optical properties and size distributions

et al. 2002

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[1] Particles generated by combustion of fossil fuels contribute to climate forcing by absorbing and scattering visible light. Residential combustion takes place in homes for heating or cooking purposes and is thought to contribute a large fraction of the global burden of anthropogenic primary particles. We present optical properties and size distributions of particulate matter emitted from three types of coal burned in residential combustors: bituminous coal, hard coal briquettes, and lignite. Emissions from these coals differ significantly and can be partially explained by differences in coal composition. For bituminous coal, particulate matter emission factors are somewhat greater than those used in current emission inventories. We observe particles for which the light absorption is weak and has a strong spectral dependence. For hard coal briquettes and lignite, emitted light absorption is low, and based on our measurements, current inventories of lightabsorbing aerosols significantly overestimate the contribution from these sources. Hard coal briquettes produce very few particles in the optically active size range. For all coals tested the size distributions required to represent the average of the emitted particles are broader than atmospheric size distributions, with geometric standard deviations between 2.2 and 3.0.

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Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 77%

Primary particle emissions from residential coal burning: Optical properties and size distributions

et al. 2002

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“…4, δ 13 C exhibited isotopic variability among the three sites, and these samples can be grouped into two clusters. Given that the 13 C isotopic fractionation between an aerosol and its fuel is small Currie et al, 1999) and that no apparent isotopic fractionation is occurring during particle production and transport (Cachier et al, 1985), similar isotopic composition of OC and EC at the PU and KT sites (Group I in Fig. 4) are consistent with motor vehicle exhaust as the major contributor.…”

Section: Stable Carbon Isotopic Composition Of Oc and Ecmentioning

confidence: 77%

Variability of organic and elemental carbon, water soluble organic carbon, and isotopes in Hong Kong

et al. 2006

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Abstract.To determine the levels and variations of carbonaceous aerosol in Hong Kong, PM 2.5 and PM 10 samples were collected by high volume (Hi-vol) samplers at three monitoring stations (representing middle-scale roadside, urban-, and regional-scale environments) during winter (November 2000 to February 2001) and summer (June 2001 to August 2001) periods. The highest concentrations of organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), and water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) were found at the middle-scale roadside site with the lowest at the regional-scale site. The percentages of WSOC in total carbon at these sites were inversely correlated with their concentrations (i.e., the highest percentages of WSOC were observed at the regional-scale site). A high WSOC fraction may be associated with aged aerosol because of the secondary formation by photochemical oxidation of organic precursors of anthropogenic pollutants during transport. The annual average of isotope abundances (δ 13 C) of OC and EC were -26.9±0.5‰ and -25.6±0.1‰, respectively. There were no notable differences for seasonal distributions of carbon isotopic composition, consistent with motor vehicle emissions being the main source contributors of carbonaceous aerosol in Hong Kong. OC 13 C abundances at the regional-scale site were higher than those at the middle-scale roadside and urban sites, consistent with secondary organic aerosols of biogenic origin.

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“…An isotopic mass balance equation was applied to the TOC and PAH 14 C results to calculate fractional contribution of wood burning (f biomass ) and fossil fuel combustion (f fossil =1-f biomass ) (Reddy et al, 2002;Currie et al, 1999;Mandalakis et al, 2004a;Reddy et al, 2003):…”

Section: Radiocarbon-based Source Apportionmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Source apportionment of elevated wintertime PAHs by compound-specific radiocarbon analysis

et al. 2009

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Abstract. Natural abundance radiocarbon analysis facilitates distinct source apportionment between contemporary biomass/biofuel ( 14 C "alive") versus fossil fuel ( 14 C "dead") combustion. Here, the first compound-specific radiocarbon analysis (CSRA) of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was demonstrated for a set of samples collected in Lycksele, Sweden a small town with frequent episodes of severe atmospheric pollution in the winter. Renewed interest in using residential wood combustion (RWC) means that this type of seasonal pollution is of increasing concern in many areas. Five individual/paired PAH isolates from three pooled fortnight-long filter collections were analyzed by CSRA: phenanthrene, fluoranthene, pyrene, benzo[b+k]fluoranthene and indeno[cd]pyrene plus benzo[ghi]perylene; phenanthrene was the only compound also analyzed in the gas phase. The measured 14 C for PAHs spanned from −138.3‰ to 58.0‰. A simple isotopic mass balance model was applied to estimate the fraction biomass (f biomass ) contribution, which was constrained to 71-87% for the individual PAHs. Indeno[cd]pyrene plus benzo[ghi]perylene had an f biomass of 71%, while fluoranthene and phenanthrene (gas phase) had the highest biomass contribution at 87%. The total organic carbon (TOC, defined as carbon remaining after removal of inorganic carbon) f biomass was estimated to be 77%, which falls within the range for PAHs. This CSRA data of atmospheric PAHs established that RWC is the dominating source of atmospheric PAHs to this region of the boreal zone with some variations among RWC contributions to specific PAHs.

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Isotopic and molecular fractionation in combustion; three routes to molecular marker validation, including direct molecular ‘dating’ (GC/AMS)

Cited by 43 publications

References 0 publications

Primary particle emissions from residential coal burning: Optical properties and size distributions

Primary particle emissions from residential coal burning: Optical properties and size distributions

Variability of organic and elemental carbon, water soluble organic carbon, and isotopes in Hong Kong

Source apportionment of elevated wintertime PAHs by compound-specific radiocarbon analysis

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