Isotopic and trace element constraints on mixing and melting models of marginal basin volcanism, Bransfield Strait, Antarctica

Keller, Randall A.; Fisk, Martin; White, William M.; Birkenmajer, Krzysztof

doi:10.1016/0012-821x(92)90185-x

Cited by 84 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…In an early study by Weaver et al (1979), geochemical features of magmas from Penguin, Deception and Bridgeman islands were explained by fractional crystallization, while intervolcano variations were attributed to different mantle sources. Keller et al (1992) produced data further supporting the idea that low-pressure fractional crystallization is dominantly responsible for the compositional variation within individual volcanoes. However, interpretation of inter-volcano differences remained difficult.…”

Section: Previous Workmentioning

confidence: 52%

“…However, interpretation of inter-volcano differences remained difficult. Baker et al (1975), Smellie (1990), Keller et al (1992) and Smellie et al (2002) reported on the petrology and geochemistry of Deception Island. The geological units sampled by Keller et al (1992) and Smellie et al (2002) comprise pre-caldera as well as post-caldera phases of the island, ranging from basalts to SiO 2 -rich trachytes.…”

Section: Previous Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Baker et al (1975), Smellie (1990), Keller et al (1992) and Smellie et al (2002) reported on the petrology and geochemistry of Deception Island. The geological units sampled by Keller et al (1992) and Smellie et al (2002) comprise pre-caldera as well as post-caldera phases of the island, ranging from basalts to SiO 2 -rich trachytes. The high Na 2 O, Sr, Zr, and Nb characteristics, but low K 2 O, Ba, Rb and Cs are unique signatures of the Deception Island basaltic andesites, differentiating them from nearby seamounts in Bransfield Strait.…”

Section: Previous Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Geochemical signatures of tephras from Quaternary Antarctic Peninsula volcanoes

Kraus¹,

Kurbatov

Yates

2013

andgeo

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ABSTRACT. In the northern Antarctic Peninsula area, at least 12 Late Pleistocene-Holocene volcanic centers could be potential sources of tephra layers in the region. We present unique geochemical fingerprints for ten of these volcanoes using major, trace, rare earth element, and isotope data from 95 samples of tephra and other eruption products. The volcanoes have predominantly basaltic and basaltic andesitic compositions. The Nb/Y ratio proves useful to distinguish between volcanic centers located on the eastern (Larsen Rift) and those situated on the western side (Bransfield Rift) of the Antarctic Peninsula. In addition, the Sr/Nb ratio (for samples with SiO 2 <63 wt%), along with Sr/Y, Ba/La, Zr/Hf and Th/Nb are suitable to unequivocally characterize material erupted from every studied volcanic center. Microprobe analyses on volcanic glass show that the samples are generally very poor in K 2 O, and that glass from Bransfield Rift volcanoes is enriched in SiO 2 , while that of Larsen Rift volcanoes tends towards elevated alkali contents. We propose an algorithm for the identification of the source volcano of a given tephra layer using the new geochemical fingerprints. This will contribute to the development of a regional tephrochronological framework needed for future correlations of tephra in climate archives (e.g., marine, lacustrine and ice cores). Keywords: Late Pleistocene, Holocene, Explosive volcanism, Tephra, Source volcano identification, Geochemical fingerprint, Antarctic Peninsula, Bransfield Rift, Larsen Rift. RESUMEN. Geoquímica de tefras de volcanes Cuaternarios de la Península Antártica. En la parte norte de la Península Antártica existen, por lo menos, 12 centros volcánicos del Pleistoceno Tardío-Holoceno que podrían representar las fuentes de horizontes de tefra reconocidos en la región. Se reportan aquí análisis químicos de 10 de estos volcanes, que incluyen análisis de elementos mayores, trazas, tierras raras y composición isotópica de 95 muestras de tefra u otros productos eruptivos. Los volcanes tienen, en su mayoría, composición basáltica a basáltico-andesítica. Las razones Nb/Y resultan útiles para distinguir entre centros volcánicos ubicados al lado oriental (Larsen Rift) de aquellos ubicados al lado occidental (Bransfield Rift) de la Península Antártica. Adicionalmente, las razones Sr/Nb (para muestras con SiO 2 <63 wt%), Sr/Y, Ba/La, Zr/Hf y Th/Nb sirven para caracterizar los productos generados por cada centro volcánico. Análisis de microsonda en vidrio muestran que las rocas estudiadas tienen bajos contenidos de K 2 O, y que vidrios de rocas provenientes de volcanes ubicados en el rift de Bransfield son ricos en SiO 2 , mientras que las de volcanes del rift de Larsen tienden hacía contenidos elevados de álcalis. Se propone un algoritmo para la identificación del volcán de origen de un horizonte de tefra cualquiera, basado en las distintivas composiciones geoquímicas aquí reportadas. Este estudio contribuirá al desarrollo de un marco tefrocronológico regional indispensable para ...

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Section: Previous Workmentioning

confidence: 52%

Section: Previous Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Previous Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Geochemical signatures of tephras from Quaternary Antarctic Peninsula volcanoes

Kraus¹,

Kurbatov

Yates

2013

andgeo

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“…DI contains a wide range of magmas extending from basalts to dacites (e.g. Keller et al 1992). Focussing on a total alkali silica (TAS) diagram, samples from historical eruptions of this study are grouped within the alkaline and subalkaline fields (Fig.…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

Historic hydrovolcanism at Deception Island (Antarctica): implications for eruption hazards

et al. 2017

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Deception Island (Antarctica) is the southernmost island of the South Shetland Archipelago in the South Atlantic. Volcanic activity since the eighteenth century, along with the latest volcanic unrest episodes in the twentieth and twenty first centuries, demonstrates that the volcanic system is still active and that future eruptions are likely. Despite its remote location, the South Shetland Islands are an important touristic destination during the austral summer. In addition, they host several research stations and three summer field camps. Deception Island is characterised by a Quaternary caldera system with a post caldera succession and is considered to be part of an active, dispersed (monogenetic), volcanic field. Historical post caldera volcanism on Deception Island involves monogenetic small volume (VEI 2-3) eruptions such forming cones and various types of hydrovolcanic edifices. The scientific stations on the island were destroyed, or severely damaged, during the eruptions in 1967, 1969, and 1970 mainly due to explosive activity triggered by the interaction of rising (or erupting) magma with surface water, shallow groundwater, and ice. We conducted a detailed revision (field petrology and geochemistry) of the historical hydrovolcanic post caldera eruptions of Deception Island with the aim to understand the dynamics of magma water interaction, as well as characterise the most likely eruptive scenarios from future eruptions. We specifically focused on the Crimson Hill (estimated age between 1825 and 1829), and Kroner Lake (estimated age between 1829 and 1912) eruptions and 1967, 1969, and 1970 events by describing the eruption mechanisms related to the island's hydrovolcanic activity. Data suggest that the main hazards posed by volcanism on the island are due to fallout, ballistic blocks and bombs, and subordinate, dilute PDCs. In addition, Deception Island can be divided into five areas of expected activity due to magma water interaction, providing additional data for correct hazard assessment on the island.

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“…It presents a horseshoe-like shape with an opening in the south-east sector (Neptune Bellows) and a flooded caldera (Port Foster). The volcanic activity on the island developed in the last 0.2 Ma (Keller et al, 1991) and the latest eruptions occurred in 1967, 1969 and 1970, destroying the Chilean research station and severely damaging the British station. Subaerial fumaroles and underwater degassing sites are common in several areas on and offshore at Deception Island (Grad et al, 1992;Acosta and Uchupi, 1996;Smellie and López-Martínez, 2000).…”

Section: Regional Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Local influences of geothermal anomalies on permafrost distribution in an active volcanic island (Deception Island, Antarctica)

et al. 2014

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This study aims at understanding the spatial distribution and characteristics of the frozen and unfrozen terrain in an alluvial fan on Deception Island, which is an active strato-volcano located in the Bransfield Strait (South Shetland Islands) with recent eruptions in 1967, 1969 and 1970. The alluvial fan is dominated by debris-flow, run-off and rock fall processes and permafrost occurs in several parts in the vicinity of anomalous geothermal heat flux. The aim is to assess the ways volcanic activity controls permafrost development and associated geomorphic dynamics using shallow subsurface, surface and air temperature measurements as well as thaw depth and electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) surveys. Results show a temperature increase with depth in the lower part of the fan reaching 13°C at 0.80 m depth, without the presence of permafrost. The shallow borehole located at this site showed a stable thermal stratification all year-round, with only the upper 0.20 m reacting to meteorological forcing. In the upper part of the alluvial fan and debris cones, c. 100 m from the coast, frozen ground is present at c. 0.70 m depth. There, the shallow borehole shows a good coupling with air temperatures and the thermal regime favours the presence of permafrost. ERT shows the lowest resistivity values in the lower part of the alluvial fan and a highly resistivity zone in the upper sector of the fan and in the debris cones. These large variations in resistivity mark the presence of a saline water wedge from the sea into the fan, reaching frozen ground conditions about 100 m inland. It can be shown that the volcano-hydrothermal activity only inhibits frost development very locally, with frozen ground conditions occurring about 100 m away.

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Isotopic and trace element constraints on mixing and melting models of marginal basin volcanism, Bransfield Strait, Antarctica

Cited by 84 publications

References 24 publications

Geochemical signatures of tephras from Quaternary Antarctic Peninsula volcanoes

Geochemical signatures of tephras from Quaternary Antarctic Peninsula volcanoes

Historic hydrovolcanism at Deception Island (Antarctica): implications for eruption hazards

Local influences of geothermal anomalies on permafrost distribution in an active volcanic island (Deception Island, Antarctica)

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