Isotopic Composition of In Situ Soil NOx Emissions in Manure‐Fertilized Cropland

Miller, D. J.; Chai, Jiajue; Guo, Felix; Dell, Curtis J.; Karsten, Heather D.; Hastings, Meredith G.

doi:10.1029/2018gl079619

Cited by 33 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 40 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…S7) and lie outside the range of known anthropogenic, marine, or other natural source end members (e.g. Hastings et al, 2013;Kendall et al, 2007;Hoering, 1957;Miller et al, 2017Miller et al, , 2018Yu and Elliott, 2017;Li and Wang, 2008;Freyer, 1991;Savarino et al, 2007).…”

Section: Nitrate Redistributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deposition, recycling, and archival of nitrate stable isotopes between the air–snow interface: comparison between Dronning Maud Land and Dome C, Antarctica

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. The nitrogen stable isotopic composition in nitrate (δ15N-NO3-) measured in ice cores from low-snow-accumulation regions in East Antarctica has the potential to provide constraints on past ultraviolet (UV) radiation and thereby total column ozone (TCO) due to the sensitivity of nitrate (NO3-) photolysis to UV radiation. However, understanding the transfer of reactive nitrogen at the air–snow interface in polar regions is paramount for the interpretation of ice core records of δ15N-NO3- and NO3- mass concentrations. As NO3- undergoes a number of post-depositional processes before it is archived in ice cores, site-specific observations of δ15N-NO3- and air–snow transfer modelling are necessary to understand and quantify the complex photochemical processes at play. As part of the Isotopic Constraints on Past Ozone Layer Thickness in Polar Ice (ISOL-ICE) project, we report new measurements of NO3- mass concentration and δ15N-NO3- in the atmosphere, skin layer (operationally defined as the top 5 mm of the snowpack), and snow pit depth profiles at Kohnen Station, Dronning Maud Land (DML), Antarctica. We compare the results to previous studies and new data, presented here, from Dome C on the East Antarctic Plateau. Additionally, we apply the conceptual 1D model of TRansfer of Atmospheric Nitrate Stable Isotopes To the Snow (TRANSITS) to assess the impact of NO3- recycling on δ15N-NO3- and NO3- mass concentrations archived in snow and firn. We find clear evidence of NO3- photolysis at DML and confirmation of previous theoretical, field, and laboratory studies that UV photolysis is driving NO3- recycling and redistribution at DML. Firstly, strong denitrification of the snowpack is observed through the δ15N-NO3- signature, which evolves from the enriched snowpack (−3 ‰ to 100 ‰), to the skin layer (−20 ‰ to 3 ‰), to the depleted atmosphere (−50 ‰ to −20 ‰), corresponding to mass loss of NO3- from the snowpack. Based on the TRANSITS model, we find that NO3- is recycled two times, on average, before it is archived in the snowpack below 15 cm and within 0.75 years (i.e. below the photic zone). Mean annual archived δ15N-NO3- and NO3- mass concentration values are 50 ‰ and 60 ng g−1, respectively, at the DML site. We report an e-folding depth (light attenuation) of 2–5 cm for the DML site, which is considerably lower than Dome C. A reduced photolytic loss of NO3- at DML results in less enrichment of δ15N-NO3- than at Dome C mainly due to the shallower e-folding depth but also due to the higher snow accumulation rate based on TRANSITS-modelled sensitivities. Even at a relatively low snow accumulation rate of 6 cm yr−1 (water equivalent; w.e.), the snow accumulation rate at DML is great enough to preserve the seasonal cycle of NO3- mass concentration and δ15N-NO3-, in contrast to Dome C where the depth profiles are smoothed due to longer exposure of surface snow layers to incoming UV radiation before burial. TRANSITS sensitivity analysis of δ15N-NO3- at DML highlights that the dominant factors controlling the archived δ15N-NO3- signature are the e-folding depth and snow accumulation rate, with a smaller role from changes in the snowfall timing and TCO. Mean TRANSITS model sensitivities of archived δ15N-NO3- at the DML site are 100 ‰ for an e-folding depth change of 8 cm, 110 ‰ for an annual snow accumulation rate change of 8.5 cm yr−1 w.e., 10 ‰ for a change in the dominant snow deposition season between winter and summer, and 10 ‰ for a TCO change of 100 DU (Dobson units). Here we set the framework for the interpretation of a 1000-year ice core record of δ15N-NO3- from DML. Ice core δ15N-NO3- records at DML will be less sensitive to changes in UV than at Dome C; however the higher snow accumulation rate and more accurate dating at DML allows for higher-resolution δ15N-NO3- records.

show abstract

Section: Nitrate Redistributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deposition, recycling, and archival of nitrate stable isotopes between the air–snow interface: comparison between Dronning Maud Land and Dome C, Antarctica

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…HONO, new techniques have been developed to analyze the isotopic composition of 99 various species. Stable isotopes provide a unique approach of characterizing and tracking 100 various sources and chemistry for a species of interest (Hastings et al, 2013 used to track gaseous NO x from a variety of major sources including emissions from 108 biomass burning , vehicles (Miller et al, 2017), and 109 agricultural soils (Miller et al, 2018). Using this method, Fibiger et al (2016) 110 systematically investigated BB δ 15 N-NO x from different types of biomass from around 111 the world in a controlled environment during the fourth Fire Lab at Missoula Experiment 112 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Isotopic characterization of nitrogen oxides (NOx), nitrous acid (HONO), and nitrate (NO3−(p)) from laboratory biomass burning during FIREX

Chai¹,

Miller²,

Scheuer³

et al. 2019

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

1 2 New techniques have recently been developed to capture reactive nitrogen species for 3 accurate measurement of their isotopic composition. Reactive nitrogen species play 4 important roles in atmospheric oxidation capacity (hydroxyl radical and ozone formation) 5 and may have impacts on air quality and climate. Tracking reactive nitrogen species and 6 their chemistry in the atmosphere based upon concentration alone is challenging. Isotopic 7 analysis provides a potential tool for tracking the sources and chemistry of species such 8 as nitrogen oxides (NO x = NO + NO 2 ), nitrous acid (HONO), nitric acid (HNO 3 ) and 9 particulate nitrate (NO 3 -(p)). Here we study direct biomass burning (BB) emissions 10 during the Fire Influence on Regional to Global Environments Experiment (FIREX, later 11 evolved into FIREX-AQ) laboratory experiments at the Missoula Fire Laboratory in the 12 fall of 2016. 13 14 An annular denuder system (ADS) developed to efficiently collect HONO for isotopic 15 composition analysis was deployed to the Fire Lab study. Concentrations of HONO 16 recovered from the ADS collection agree well with mean concentrations averaged over 17 each fire measured by 4 other high time resolution techniques, including mist 18 chamber/ion chromatography (MC/IC), open-path Fourier transform infrared 19 spectroscopy (OP-FTIR), cavity enhanced spectroscopy (CES), proton-transfer-reaction 20 time-of-flight mass spectrometer (PTR-ToF). The concentration validation ensures 21 complete collection of BB emitted HONO, of which the isotopic composition is 22preserved during the collection process. In addition, the isotopic composition of NO x and 23 NO 3 -(p) from direct BB emissions were also characterized. 24In 20 "stack" fires (direct emission within ~5 seconds of production by the fire) that 25 burned various biomass materials, δ 15 N-NO x ranges from -4.3 ‰ to +7.0 ‰, falling near 26 the middle of the range reported in previous work. The first measurements of δ 15 N-27HONO and δ 18 O-HONO in biomass burning smoke reveal a range of -5.3 -+5.8 ‰ and 28 +5.2 -+15.2 ‰ respectively. Both HONO and NO x are sourced from N in the biomass 29 fuel and δ 15 N-HONO and δ 15 N-NO x are strongly correlated (R 2 = 0.89, p<0.001), 30suggesting NO x and HONO are connected via formation pathways. 31 32Our δ 15 N of NO x , HONO and NO 3 -(p) ranges can serve as important biomass burning 33 source signatures, useful for constraining direct emissions of these species in 34 environmental applications. The δ 18 O of HONO and NO 3 obtained here verify our 35 method is capable of determining oxygen isotopic composition in BB plumes. The δ 18 O 36for both species in this study reflect the laboratory conditions (i.e. a lack of 37 photochemistry), and would be expected to track with the influence of ozone (O 3 ), 38 photochemistry and nighttime chemistry in real environments. The methods used in this 39 study will be further applied in future field studies to quantitatively track reactive 40 nitrogen cycling in fresh and aged Western US wild...

show abstract

“…Additional data of other kinds that suggest the same conclusion are more appropriate for making this claim. Supplement: please consider more recent observations of d15N-NOx for vehicles and especially for soils (Miller et al 2017(Miller et al , 2018Yu and Elliott, 2017) and the issues related to previous collection techniques for source signatures (Fibiger et al, 2014). The references listed for the biogenic soil emissions are not really relevant.…”

Section: Interactive Commentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Chang et al.

Anonymous

2019

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study utilizes the isotopic composition of nitrate and ammonium captured in cloudwater during a major biomass burning event to delineate the sources and chemistry that contribute to the inorganic N concentrations. Overall, the methods are sound and the study yields interesting results. The interpretation is well constructed, but there are a number of aspects that need to be better justified and better referenced to make the study's findings stronger. Please see below.As motivation for the work, the authors invoke the difficulty of addressing tropospheric cloud formation and its importance for radiative forcing of climate. Further, they state C1

show abstract

Isotopic Composition of In Situ Soil NO_x Emissions in Manure‐Fertilized Cropland

Cited by 33 publications

References 40 publications

Deposition, recycling, and archival of nitrate stable isotopes between the air–snow interface: comparison between Dronning Maud Land and Dome C, Antarctica

Deposition, recycling, and archival of nitrate stable isotopes between the air–snow interface: comparison between Dronning Maud Land and Dome C, Antarctica

Isotopic characterization of nitrogen oxides (NO<sub>x</sub>), nitrous acid (HONO), and nitrate (NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>(p)) from laboratory biomass burning during FIREX

Review of Chang et al.

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Isotopic Composition of In Situ Soil NOx Emissions in Manure‐Fertilized Cropland

Cited by 33 publications

References 40 publications

Deposition, recycling, and archival of nitrate stable isotopes between the air–snow interface: comparison between Dronning Maud Land and Dome C, Antarctica

Deposition, recycling, and archival of nitrate stable isotopes between the air–snow interface: comparison between Dronning Maud Land and Dome C, Antarctica

Isotopic characterization of nitrogen oxides (NO&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt;), nitrous acid (HONO), and nitrate (NO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;−&lt;/sup&gt;(p)) from laboratory biomass burning during FIREX

Review of Chang et al.

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Isotopic Composition of In Situ Soil NO_x Emissions in Manure‐Fertilized Cropland

Isotopic characterization of nitrogen oxides (NO<sub>x</sub>), nitrous acid (HONO), and nitrate (NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>(p)) from laboratory biomass burning during FIREX