Isotopic composition of waters from the Danakil depression (Ethiopia)

Gonfiantini, R.; Borsi, S.; Ferrara, G.; Panichi, C.

doi:10.1016/0012-821x(73)90028-9

Cited by 43 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Craig et al ( 1963) have documented the relative effects of precipitation and evaporation and the significance of relative humidity, and stressed the importance of molecular exchanges with atmospheric water vapor in determining the ultimate lsO content of water bodies. Measurements of seasonal IsO changes in lake waters (Dinqer 1968;Fame et al 1970;Gonfiantini et al 1973;Stuivcr 1970) are in agreement with predictions from these experimental studies, and Dirqer ( 1968) concluded that overall composition is determined by the ratio of inflow : evaporation.…”

supporting

confidence: 60%

Changes in oxygen 18 as a measure of long‐term fluctuations in tropical lake levels and molluscan populations1

Covich

Stuiver

1974

Limnology & Oceanography

106

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In Laguna Chichancanab, the largest closed basin in northern Yucatan, large-scale changes in lake levels have been documented by "0 analyses of snail shell carbonates. A continuous 9-m series of lake sediments has been deposited during the last 8,000 years, whereas a discontinuous sedimentary record extends from 9 m to beyond 12 m in depth. At least one marked hiatus occurred in this older record during which time the lake is thought to have been seasonally dry (or very much reduced in size). The fluctuations are verified by other stratigraphic evidence including absolute numbers of shells, loss on ignition, carbon:nitrogen ratios, and major cations (calcium, magnesium, and sodium).We here consider a new approach to determine lake level stability in tropical, closed lake basins where mean annual temperatures have remained relatively stable in comparison with changes in rates of inflow and evaporation. The general goal is to document long term changes in the lake's water balance and to relate this information to population dynamics of aquatic organisms, particularly benthic molluscs living in the littoral zone. We use "closed lake" to mean a lake which receives inflow from precipitation and its drainage basin but loses water only by evaporation. Many previous studies on lake level stability ( see Richardson 1969 for a review ) have emphasized the need to correlate several independent lines of evidence. This isotopic analysis is another direct approach which can yield unique information unavailable from other types of analyses of closed, tropical lakes.Naturally occurring isotopes of 180 and 14C can be considered tagged atoms and their movements monitored for the long term study of water balance. These iso-'

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supporting

confidence: 60%

Changes in oxygen 18 as a measure of long‐term fluctuations in tropical lake levels and molluscan populations1

Covich

Stuiver

1974

Limnology & Oceanography

106

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“…For example, in Lake Giuiletti in the Danakil depression (Ethiopia) whose salinity is given as 158 gil, Gonfiantini et al (1973) found the lake waters enriched up to +60/00 in 1518 , Both the somewhat lower salinity compared with the Dead Sea and the fact that part of the water sources are of marine origin may contribute to the somewhat more enriched isotopic value in this case.…”

Section: Isotope Hydrology Of Large Salt Lakesmentioning

confidence: 94%

Stable Isotopes of Fresh and Saline Lakes

Gat¹

1995

Physics and Chemistry of Lakes

171

157

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“…For example, the Danakil depression of the Afar rift, Ethiopia, has intense hydrothermal activity related to magmatism [51]. Although hot springs, 100 • C or higher in temperature, and saturated with NaCl and FeCl 2 -rich discharge at the surface, hypersaline lakes from which potash minerals precipitate are~30 • C [51,52]. Normal Ca 2+ -rich Cretaceous seawater, widespread warm brines from which halite precipitated (Figures 1 and 5), the paucity of contemporaneous faulting and volcanism on the Khorat Plateau, and insufficient heat supplied by hydrothermal waters, suggest that hydrothermal activity is not a plausible explanation for the anomalously high brine temperatures observed from the dissolution behavior of daughter crystals in halite from the Maha Sarakham Formation.…”

Section: Hydrothermal Activity?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Anomalously High Cretaceous Paleobrine Temperatures: Hothouse, Hydrothermal or Solar Heating?

Wang

Lowenstein

2017

Minerals

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Elevated surface paleobrine temperatures (average 85.6 • C) are reported here from Cretaceous marine halites in the Maha Sarakham Formation, Khorat Plateau, Thailand. Fluid inclusions in primary subaqueous "chevron" and "cumulate" halites associated with potash salts contain daughter crystals of sylvite (KCl) and carnallite (MgCl 2 ·KCl·6H 2 O). Petrographic textures demonstrate that these fluid inclusions were trapped from the warm brines in which the halite crystallized. Later cooling produced supersaturated conditions leading to the precipitation of sylvite and carnallite daughter crystals within fluid inclusions. Dissolution temperatures of daughter crystals in fluid inclusions from the same halite bed vary over a large range (57.9 • C to 117.2 • C), suggesting that halite grew at different temperatures within and at the bottom of the water column. Consistency of daughter crystal dissolution temperatures within fluid inclusion bands and the absence of vapor bubbles at room temperature demonstrate that fluid inclusions have not stretched or leaked. Daughter crystal dissolution temperatures are reproducible to within 0.1 • C to 10.2 • C (average of 1.8 • C), and thus faithfully document paleobrine conditions. Microcrystalline hematite incorporated within halite crystals also indicate high paleobrine temperatures. We conclude that halite crystallized from warm brines rich in K-Mg-Na-Cl; sylvite and carnallite daughter crystals were nucleated during cooling of the warm brines sometime after deposition. Hothouse, hydrothermal, and solar-heating hypotheses are compared to explain the anomalously high surface paleobrine temperatures. Solar radiation stored in shallow density stratified brines is the most plausible explanation for the observed paleobrine temperatures and the progressively higher temperatures downward through the paleobrine column. The solar-heating hypothesis may also explain high paleobrine temperatures documented from fluid inclusions in other ancient halites.

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Isotopic composition of waters from the Danakil depression (Ethiopia)

Cited by 43 publications

References 8 publications

Changes in oxygen 18 as a measure of long‐term fluctuations in tropical lake levels and molluscan populations1

Changes in oxygen 18 as a measure of long‐term fluctuations in tropical lake levels and molluscan populations1

Stable Isotopes of Fresh and Saline Lakes

Anomalously High Cretaceous Paleobrine Temperatures: Hothouse, Hydrothermal or Solar Heating?

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