Isotopic Ratio, Isotonic Ratio, Isobaric Ratio and Shannon Information Uncertainty

Ma, Can; Wei, Hui-Ling

doi:10.1088/0253-6102/62/5/15

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…In isobaric yield ratio, many terms in σ (A, I) are canceled out and useful information can be obtained [14,15,[25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32]. The system dependent parameters in σ (A, I), such as C A τ and const., disappear in the difference between the In( A, I) of isobars, which becomes,…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 21 and the IBD-(βμ) 21 can be obtained directly from the cross sections of isobars and no fitting is needed, which make them possible to directly probe to the chemical potentials and nuclear density comparing to the isoscaling methods [32]. In the isoscaling methods, α (β) can be easily related to the nuclear symmetry energy (C sym /T ) since they reflect the value of (βμ n21 ) ( (βμ p21 )) [2,8,14,35,36].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Isobaric yield ratio difference and Shannon information entropy

Wei

Wang

et al. 2015

Physics Letters B

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The Shannon information entropy theory is used to explain the recently proposed isobaric yield ratio difference (IBD) probe which aims to determine the nuclear symmetry energy. Theoretically, the difference between the Shannon uncertainties carried by isobars in two different reactions ( In 21 ), is found to be equivalent to the difference between the chemical potentials of protons and neutrons of the reactions [the IBD probe, IB-(βμ) 21 , with β the reverse temperature]. From the viewpoints of Shannon information entropy, the physical meaning of the above chemical potential difference is interpreted by In 21 as denoting the nuclear symmetry energy or density difference between neutrons and protons in reactions more concisely than from the statistical ablation-abrasion model.(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Funded by SCOAP 3 .Nuclear matter with different density range from sub-saturation to supra-saturation can be produced in heavy-ion collisions (HICs). Because of the difficulty to measure the nuclear density and nuclear symmetry energy directly, various probes have been proposed to study the nuclear property based on different models. The results of these probes differ from each other in different extent both theoretically and experimentally [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. The entire process of HICs is dynamical, in which the nuclear matter experience the hot and high density state by violent compressing between projectile and target nuclei, and the dilute states in the process of system expanding. At last, the final residue fragments, which cease to emit particle anymore and are chemically frozen, are measured. Many probes to investigate the nuclear property in HICs are based on the yield of fragments [1,[8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16].The Shannon information entropy, which was put forward by C.E. Shannon, is to measure the uncertainty in a random variable which quantifies the expected value of the information contained in a message [17]. The Shannon entropy tells the average unpredictability in a random variable, which is equivalent to its information content, and provides a constructive criterion for setting up probability distributions on the basis of partial knowledge, and leads to a type of statistical inference called as the maximumentropy estimate [18]. In the information communication, the

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confidence: 99%

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Isobaric yield ratio difference and Shannon information entropy

Wei

Wang

et al. 2015

Physics Letters B

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“…Later, C.W. Ma et al applied the Shannon information entropy to analyze the isobaric scaling phenomenon in fragments produced in the neutron-rich heavy-ion collisions [196,197,221].…”

Section: Projectile Fragmentation Reactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a reaction system which has multi events S = {E 1 , E 2 , ...E n } and the corresponding probabilities P = {p i , p 2 , ..., p n }, one can consider the fragment as E i and the probability p i as its cross section (σ) [196,197,221]. The information entropy carried by the fragment, which is named as the information uncertainty, is defined as,…”

Section: Isobaric Scaling Phenomenonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shannon information entropy in heavy-ion collisions

2018

Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics

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102

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The general idea of information entropy provided by C.E. Shannon "hangs over everything we do" and can be applied to a great variety of problems once the connection between a distribution and the quantities of interest is found. The Shannon information entropy essentially quantify the information of a quantity with its specific distribution, for which the information entropy based methods have been deeply developed in many scientific areas including physics. The dynamical properties of heavy-ion collisions (HICs) process make it difficult and complex to study the nuclear matter and its evolution, for which Shannon information entropy theory can provide new methods and observables to understand the physical phenomena both theoretically and experimentally. To better understand the processes of HICs, the main characteristics of typical models, including the quantum molecular dynamics models, thermodynamics models, and statistical models, etc, are briefly introduced. The typical applications of Shannon information theory in HICs are collected, which cover the chaotic behavior in branching process of hadron collisions, the liquid-gas phase transition in HICs, and the isobaric difference scaling phenomenon for intermediate mass fragments produced in HICs of neutron-rich systems. Even though the present applications in heavy-ion collision physics are still relatively simple, it would shed light on key questions we are seeking for. It is suggested to further develop the information entropy methods in nuclear reactions models, as well as to develop new analysis methods to study the properties of nuclear matters in HICs, especially the evolution of dynamics system.

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“…The target dependence of IBD has been studied by investigating the measured fragments in 140A MeV 40,48 Ca and 58,64 Ni projectile fragmentation reactions on the 9 Be and 181 Ta targets [17], which have been performed by Mocko et al at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory (NSCL) in Michigan State University [18]. In addition, the Shannon information entropy theory is also adopted to explain the IBD method for a better understanding of it [19,20]. At the same time, IYRs has been used to extract the temperature for fragments in heavy-ion collisions [21][22][23][24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isobaric yield ratio difference between the140AMeVNi58+Be
Qiao
¹
,
Wei
²
,
Ma
³

et al. 2015
Phys. Rev. C
12
0
7
0
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Background: The isobaric yield ratio difference (IBD) method is found to be sensitive to the density difference of neutron-rich nucleus induced reaction around the Fermi energy.Purpose: An investigation is performed to study the IBD results in the transport model. Methods:The antisymmetric molecular dynamics (AMD) model plus the sequential decay model GEMINI are adopted to simulate the 140A MeV 58,64 Ni + 9 Be reactions. A relative small coalescence radius Rc = 2.5 fm is used for the phase space at t = 500 fm/c to form the hot fragment. Two limitations on the impact parameter (b1 = 0 − 2 fm and b2 = 0 − 9 fm) are used to study the effect of central collisions in IBD.Results: The isobaric yield ratios (IYRs) for the large-A fragments are found to be suppressed in the symmetric reaction. The IBD results for fragments with neutron-excess I = 0 and 1 are obtained. A small difference is found in the IBDs with the b1 and b2 limitations in the AMD simulated reactions. The IBD with b1 and b2 are quite similar in the AMD + GEMINI simulated reactions. Conclusions:The IBDs for the I = 0 and 1 chains are mainly determined by the central collisions, which reflects the nuclear density in the core region of the reaction system. The increasing part of the IBD distribution is found due to the difference between the densities in the peripheral collisions of the reactions. The sequential decay process influences the IBD results. The AMD + GEMINI simulation can better reproduce the experimental IBDs than the AMD simulation.

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Isotopic Ratio, Isotonic Ratio, Isobaric Ratio and Shannon Information Uncertainty

Cited by 13 publications

References 40 publications

Isobaric yield ratio difference and Shannon information entropy

Isobaric yield ratio difference and Shannon information entropy

Shannon information entropy in heavy-ion collisions

Isobaric yield ratio difference between the140AMeVNi58+Be
Qiao
¹
,
Wei
²
,
Ma
³

et al. 2015
Phys. Rev. C
12
0
7
0
View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Isotopic Ratio, Isotonic Ratio, Isobaric Ratio and Shannon Information Uncertainty

Cited by 13 publications

References 40 publications

Isobaric yield ratio difference and Shannon information entropy

Isobaric yield ratio difference and Shannon information entropy

Shannon information entropy in heavy-ion collisions

Isobaric yield ratio difference between the140AMeVNi58+BeQiao1, Wei2, Ma3 et al. 2015Phys. Rev. C12070View full textAdd to dashboardCite

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Isobaric yield ratio difference between the140AMeVNi58+Be
Qiao
¹
,
Wei
²
,
Ma
³

et al. 2015
Phys. Rev. C
12
0
7
0
View full text Add to dashboard Cite