Isotopic record of lead pollution in lake sediments from the northeastern United States

Time‐averaged fluxes of lead and fallout radionuclides to sediments in Florida Bay

“…The unresolved isotopes of plutonium 239+24øpu (tl/2 --24 and 6.6 kyr, respectively) and 241Anl (tl/2 --458 years) were determined following methods described by Kaplan et al [1994]. Lead concentrations were determined by analysis of ultrapure nitric acid extracts of sediments using an inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) system [Graney et al, 1995]. All activity and concentration determinations were standardized using National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) standards.…”

Isotopic ratio based source apportionment of children's blood lead around coking plant area

“…Lead isotopes are not measurably fractionated in chemical and biological processes after geological formation, allowing lead isotope ratios (LIRs) to be used as a reliable index to trace lead contamination and pollution sources (Komárek et al, 2008;Widory et al, 2004;Zheng et al, 2004). Therefore, lead content and its isotope composition provide an ideal tool for identifying the sources and pathways of pollution (Ault et al, 1970;Graney et al, 1995). Gulson (2008) and Gulson et al (2012) have summarized the applications of lead isotopes in environmental health, such as source apportionment, pathways of lead in diverse environments from urban to mining communities, as well as various applications associated with pregnancy, the contribution of bone lead to blood lead in different periods, which confirm the successful applications of LIRs with emphasis on human investigation.…”

Late Holocene sea- and land-level change on the U.S. southeastern Atlantic coast

“…We assumed that changes in production and consumption caused a corresponding change in 322 emissions that were transported by constant prevailing wind patterns and deposited from the 323 atmosphere on to the salt-marsh surface within a few years (Graney et al, 1995) from leaded gasoline prior to its phasing out in North America (Facchetti, 1989). We recognized Given the homogenous nature of preserved plant macrofossils and foraminiferal assemblages in 384 NLM2, we assigned a PME of 0.58 m above MTL ± 0.14 m to all samples in NLM2 with counts 385 of foraminifera reflecting deposition in a high salt-marsh environment between MHW and HAT.…”